119980-36-8Relevant articles and documents
Direct nitration reactions of photochromic spirooxazines
Zaichenko,Shiyonok,Kol'tsova,Marevtsev
, p. 83/[383]-89/[389] (2005)
A direct nitration of photochromic spirooxazines was carried out by three different methods. The molecular structure of main products was determined by NMR 1H and 13C spectra. The nitration mechanisms were proposed. It was shown that only nitration by mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids gives photochromic compounds with nitrogroup in aryloxazine ring.
Photochromism and Thermochromism of Spiro in Normal and Reversed Micelles
Favaro, Gianna,Ortica, Fausto,Malatesta, Vincenzo
, p. 4099 - 4104 (1995)
Spectra, photochromism and thermochromism of a spiro and a spiro have been investigated in cationic (CTAB, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and non-ionic (TX-100) micellar solutions and in sodium bis-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT)/toluene/water inverted-micelles.The spectral shifts of the photomerocyanine colour band provided information on the location of the molecules in these systems.From photokinetic study of the colour-forming and colour-fading reactions, the quantum yield and bleaching constant were determined.The thermal equilibrium constant of the spiro was spectrophotometrically measured.Comparison of the results obtained in microheterogeneous systems with those determined in a homogeneous solution indicated that thermo- and photo-colourability increase in TX-100 and CTAB micelles and decrease in inverted micelles.
Coupling between Photochromism and Second-Harmonic Generation in Spiropyran- and Spirooxazine-Doped Polymer Films
Atassi, Yomen,Delaire, Jacques A.,Nakatani, Keitaro
, p. 16320 - 16326 (2007/10/02)
The photochemical ring opening of spiropyrans in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) host films in the presence of a high-voltage electric field (2-5 MV/cm) leads to a photo-orientation of photomerocyanines.Since photomerocyanines have rather high first-order hyperpolarizabilities, this photo-orientation leads to second-harmonic generation (SHG).The second-order susceptibility d33 of PMMA films doped with 6-nitro-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro (25percent w/w) has been measured at 10 pm/V.If a PMMA film doped with spiropyran and preoriented by corona poling at 90 deg C is irradiated in the UV, an SHG signal of photomerocyanine is also observed as a result of a memory effect of the orientation of spiropyran molecules.The photoswitching of this nonlinear optical property can be inverted by visible light irradiation.Only partially reversible switching is observed because of a gradual light-induced disorientation of photomerocyanine dipoles.Photochemical quantum yields of the spiropyranphotomerocyanine reaction have also been determined in PMMA for one system.Dipole moments and hyperpolarizabilities of closed and open forms have been calculated by semiempirical and finite field methods for an analogous system.