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CAS No.: | 517-89-5 |
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Name: | 5,8-Dihydroxy-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pent-3-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione |
Article Data: | 21 |
Molecular Structure: | |
Formula: | C16H16O5 |
Molecular Weight: | 288.3 |
Synonyms: | 1,4-Naphthalenedione,5,8-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (R)-;1,4-Naphthalenedione,5,8-dihydroxy-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl]- (9CI);1,4-Naphthoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (+)-(8CI);Shikonin (6CI);(+)-Shikonin;C.I. 75535;Isoarnebin 4;NSC 252844;Shikonin S;Shikonine;Tokyo Violet; |
Density: | 1.373 g/cm3 |
Melting Point: | 147 °C |
Boiling Point: | 567.4 °C at 760 mmHg |
Flash Point: | 311 °C |
Solubility: | insoluble in water |
Risk Codes: | 20/21/22 |
Safety: | 26-36/37/39 |
PSA: | 94.83000 |
LogP: | 2.12040 |
(1R)-4-methyl-1-(1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalen-2-yl)pent-3-en-1-ol
shikonin
Conditions | Yield |
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Stage #1: (1R)-4-methyl-1-(1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalen-2-yl)pent-3-en-1-ol With pyridine; dmap; acetic anhydride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: With ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 0.25h; Further stages; | 85% |
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: dmap; triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0.33 h / 20 °C 1.2: 0.25 h / 20 °C 2.1: dmap; triethylamine; zinc / 2 h / 20 °C 3.1: ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate / acetonitrile / 0.17 h / 20 °C 3.2: 6 h View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: dmap; triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0.33 h / 20 °C 1.2: 0.25 h / 20 °C 2.1: dmap; triethylamine; zinc / 2 h / 20 °C 3.1: ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate / acetonitrile / 0.17 h / 20 °C 3.2: 6 h View Scheme |
(R)-2-(<(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyloxy>-4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-5,8-dihydroxynaphtho-1,4-quinone
shikonin
Conditions | Yield |
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With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran for 40h; Ambient temperature; | 51% |
(R)-4-Methyl-1-(1,3,6,8-tetraoxa-pyren-4-yl)-pent-3-en-1-ol
shikonin
Conditions | Yield |
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With lithium perchlorate In water; acetonitrile at 25℃; anodic oxidation, graphite electrodes, 3V; Yield given; |
(R,S)-acetic acid 4-acetoxy-3-(1-acetoxy-4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-yl ester
A
shikonin
B
(S)-5,8-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: (R,S)-acetic acid 4-acetoxy-3-(1-acetoxy-4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-yl ester With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate In acetonitrile at 25℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide at 25℃; for 1h; Title compound not separated from byproducts; |
shikonin
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In methanol |
Conditions | Yield |
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Multi-step reaction with 6 steps 1.1: 85 percent / CBr4; PPh3; pyridine / CH2Cl2 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / -20 °C 3.1: n-BuLi; t-BuOH / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.33 h / -78 °C 3.2: 8 percent / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 3 h 4.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h / 0 °C 5.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 6.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 6.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps 1.1: 85 percent / CBr4; PPh3; pyridine / CH2Cl2 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / -20 °C 3.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 °C 3.2: 60 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -78 °C 4.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h / 0 °C 5.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 6.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 6.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 7 steps 1.1: 90 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 8 h / Heating 2.1: 85 percent / CBr4; PPh3; pyridine / CH2Cl2 3.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / -20 °C 4.1: n-BuLi; t-BuOH / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.33 h / -78 °C 4.2: 8 percent / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 3 h 5.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h / 0 °C 6.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 7.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 7.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 7 steps 1.1: 90 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 8 h / Heating 2.1: 85 percent / CBr4; PPh3; pyridine / CH2Cl2 3.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / -20 °C 4.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 °C 4.2: 60 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -78 °C 5.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h / 0 °C 6.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 7.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 7.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme |
6-methyl-hepta-1,5-dien-3-one
shikonin
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1.1: n-BuLi; t-BuOH / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.33 h / -78 °C 1.2: 8 percent / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 3 h 2.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h / 0 °C 3.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 4.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 4.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 °C 1.2: 60 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -78 °C 2.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h / 0 °C 3.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 4.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 4.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme |
2-(1'-hydroxy-4'-methylpent-3'-en-1'-yl)-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthaquinone
shikonin
Conditions | Yield |
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Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: aq. Na2S2O4 / diethyl ether / 0.33 h 2.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 3.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 3.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 8 steps 1.1: 86 percent / dimethylformamide / 48 h / 25 °C 2.1: 90 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 8 h / Heating 3.1: 85 percent / CBr4; PPh3; pyridine / CH2Cl2 4.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / -20 °C 5.1: n-BuLi; t-BuOH / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.33 h / -78 °C 5.2: 8 percent / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 3 h 6.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h / 0 °C 7.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 8.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 8.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 8 steps 1.1: 86 percent / dimethylformamide / 48 h / 25 °C 2.1: 90 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 8 h / Heating 3.1: 85 percent / CBr4; PPh3; pyridine / CH2Cl2 4.1: tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / -20 °C 5.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 °C 5.2: 60 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -78 °C 6.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h / 0 °C 7.1: 254.8 mg / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 25 °C 8.1: aq. CAN / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 25 °C 8.2: aq. NaOH / 1 h / 25 °C View Scheme |
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The IUPAC name of Shikonin is 5,8-dihydroxy-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione. With the CAS registry number 517-89-5, it is also named as Tokyo Violet. The product's categories are Anthraquinones, Hydroquinones and Quinones. Besides, it is purple-brown crystals, which should be stored in a cool, dry, well ventilated warehouse to prevent direct sunlight. In addition, its molecular formula is C16H16O5 and molecular weight is 288.3.
The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)ACD/LogP: 4.35; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 4.34; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 3.85; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1162.77; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 378.24; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 5404.5; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1758.03; (9)#H bond acceptors: 5; (10)#H bond donors: 3; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6; (12)Index of Refraction: 1.642; (13)Molar Refractivity: 75.86 cm3; (14)Molar Volume: 209.9 cm3; (15)Surface Tension: 65.1 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 1.373 g/cm3; (17)Flash Point: 311 °C; (18)Melting Point: 147 °C; (19)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 89.61 kJ/mol; (20)Boiling Point: 567.4 °C at 760 mmHg; (21)Vapour Pressure: 1.04E-13 mmHg at 25 °C.
Preparation and Uses of Shikonin: you can extract alkanet by the use of Ethanol, Propylene glycol, Edible oil and water. Then you will obtain this chemical. Furthermore, this product can be used as food colorants, It also can be used for coloring of cosmetic.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: it is harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. In case of contact with eyes, please rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. And you should wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
(1)SMILES: O=C\2c1c(O)ccc(O)c1C(=O)/C(=C/2)C(O)C\C=C(/C)C
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C16H16O5/c1-8(2)3-4-10(17)9-7-13(20)14-11(18)5-6-12(19)15(14)16(9)21/h3,5-7,10,17-19H,4H2,1-2H3
(3)InChIKey: NEZONWMXZKDMKF-UHFFFAOYAK
(4)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C16H16O5/c1-8(2)3-4-10(17)9-7-13(20)14-11(18)5-6-12(19)15(14)16(9)21/h3,5-7,10,17-19H,4H2,1-2H3
(5)Std. InChIKey: NEZONWMXZKDMKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 73, Pg. 193, 1977. |
mouse | LD50 | oral | > 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 73, Pg. 193, 1977. | |
rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 16mg/kg (16mg/kg) | Pakistan Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 3(1-2), Pg. 43, 1986. |