Name: Sodium carbonate
SKU: 497-19-8

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Basic Information

Molecular Structure:
CAS No.:	497-19-8
Name:	Sodium carbonate
Article Data:	865

Formula:	Na₂CO₃
Molecular Weight:	105.989
Synonyms:	Soda Ash;Carbonic acid, disodium salt;Bisodium carbonate;Calcined soda;Carbonic acid sodium salt;Carbonic acid sodium salt (1:2);Carbonic acid, disodium salt;Crystol carbonate;Disodium carbonate (Na2CO3);Soda, calcined;Sodium carbonate (2:1);Sodium carbonate, anhydrous;
EINECS:	207-838-8
Density:	2.54 g/cm³
Melting Point:	851 °C
Boiling Point:	333.6 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:	169.8 °C
Solubility:	22 g/100 mL (20 °C) in water
Appearance:	white odourless powder
Hazard Symbols:	Xn, Xi
Risk Codes:	32-36-51/53-36/37/38-41-37/38
Safety:	36/37-26-22-36-39
Transport Information:	UN 3082
PSA:	63.19000
LogP:	-2.44700

Synthetic route

: ammonium carbonate

: 7664-41-7
ammonia

: 7647-14-5
sodium chloride

: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In water NH3 passed into a soln. of (NH4)2CO3-NaCl until satn.; product free of Cl and NH3;	100%
In water NH3 passed into a soln. of (NH4)2CO3-NaCl until satn.; product free of Cl and NH3;	100%

...Expand

: Na2[B(CN)3]

: 7732-18-5
water

: 584-08-7
potassium carbonate

A: K[HB(CN)3]

B: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

C: 1310-73-2
sodium hydroxide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With tetrahydrofuran	A 100% B n/a C n/a

...Expand

: Glauber's salt

: 201230-82-2
carbon monoxide

: 1333-74-0
hydrogen

A: 7783-06-4
hydrogen sulfide

B: 7732-18-5
water

C: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
with molten Na2SO4*10H2O; heating at 927 to 983°C for 2 h; ratio of CO and H2 1:3;	A 98% B n/a C n/a

...Expand

: 201230-82-2
carbon monoxide

: 7732-18-5
water

: 7757-82-6
sodium sulfate

: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
iron(III) oxide In neat (no solvent) passing a mixture of CO/H2O-vapor over powdered Na2SO4 at 660°C; partial pressure of H2O: 0.3 at, catalyst: Fe2O3 in form of a Fe(NO3)2-soln.;; 85-92% Na2CO3;;	97%
With catalyst: Fe2O3 and Sb2O5 or Fe2O3 and Sb2O4 or; Fe2O3 and As2O5 In neat (no solvent) passing a mixture of CO/H2O-vapor (CO from passing air through hot charcoal) over Na2SO4; partial pressure of H2O: 0.4 at, gas, containing 14.6% CO, is applied in 1.5-fold excess; catalyst: mixture of Fe2O3 and Sb2O5, Sb2O4 or As2O5;; 88.5% Na2CO3;;	93.8%
With catalyst: Fe2O3 and Sb2O5 or Fe2O3 and Sb2O4 or; Fe2O3 and As2O5 In neat (no solvent) passing a mixture of CO/H2O-vapor (CO from passing air through hot charcoal) over Na2SO4, partial pressure of H2O: 0.4 at, catalyst :mixture of Fe2O3 and Sb2O5, Sb2O4 or As2O5;; 91.3-95.6% Na2CO3;;	94-97.6

...Expand

: 127099-85-8, 780722-26-1
N-Cyanoguanidine

: 1310-73-2
sodium hydroxide

A disodium cyanamide: disodium cyanamide

B: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
after V. A. Shushunov and A. M. Pavlov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 89, 1033(1953);	A 95% B 5%

...Expand

: disodium tetracarbonylferrate

: 124-38-9
carbon dioxide

: 13463-40-6
iron pentacarbonyl

B: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran reductive disproportionation, mechanism discussed;; IR; iron carbonyl not isolated;;	A 82% B 94%

...Expand

: 141-53-7
sodium formate

A: 62-76-0
sodium oxalate

B: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
sodium hydroxide In solid byproducts: H2; with NaOH (1:0.05) in N2 atmosphere, the heating rate 6 deg/min;	A 92% B n/a
In solid thermal decomposition of sodium formate in H2 atmosphere (TG at 435 :degree.C, the heating rate 6 deg/min;	A 35% B n/a
In solid thermal decomposition of sodium formate in CO atmosphere (TG at438 °C), the heating rate 6 deg/min;	A 34% B n/a

: disodium tetracarbonylosmate

: 124-38-9
carbon dioxide

: 7553-56-2
iodine

: 17632-05-2
cis-Os(CO)4(I)2

B: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran addn. of CO2 to suspension of Na2(Os(CO)4) in THF, filtn. onto I2 at 4°C;; pptg. of carbonate; soln.: removal of solvent (IR), sublimation off excess I2, extn. into toluene and concg. under vacuum;;	A 61% B 92%

...Expand

: 875-74-1
(R)-phenylglycine

: 79-22-1
methyl chloroformate

: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In water at 0℃; for 1h;	91%

: 124-38-9
carbon dioxide

: 497-19-8
sodium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With [(1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine)(Fe(NO)2)2]; sodium In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 72h; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;	90%
With Na-silicate In water introduction of CO2 into the aq. soln.;;
With Na-aryl sulfonate In further solvent(s) byproducts: aryl sulfonic acid ester; dissolving Na-aryl sulfonate (from aryl sulfonic acid and NaCl) in an alcohol, introduction of CO2-gas;;

Raw Materials

492-62-6

358-23-6

Downstream Products

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Specification

Sodium carbonate is also known as soda ash with the chemical formula Na₂CO₃. It is a white powder or granules which is odorless. You should keep it in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. In addition, you must protect it against physical damage and isolate from incompatible substances. The substance is stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Meanwhile, with the CAS register number 497-19-8, it has the EINECS registry number 207-838-8.

Physical properties about Sodium carbonate are: (1)ACD/LogP: -0.809; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.98; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -3.77; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00 ; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00; (8)#H bond acceptors: 3; (9)#H bond donors: 2; (10)Flash Point: 169.8 °C ; (11)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 63.37 kJ/mol; (12)Boiling Point: 333.6 °C at 760 mmHg; (13)Vapour Pressure: 2.58E-05 mmHg at 25°C

Preparation of Sodium carbonate : Sodium carbonate can be extracted from the ashes of many plants. It is synthetically produced in large quantities from table salt and limestone in a process known as the Solvay process. The process needs calcium carbonate which is heated to release carbon dioxide at the bottom of the tower and ammonia used to convert sodium chloride to sodium carbonate at the top of the tower. The sodium bicarbonate was then converted to Sodium carbonate by heating it, releasing water and carbon dioxide:

CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
NaCl + NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂O → NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl
2 NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

Meanwhile, Sodium carbonate can also be prepared by ammonia, carbon dioxide and saturation salt, called as union system alkaline which is improved from Solvay process by Hou Debang. This reaction has three steps as the follwing:

NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂O → NH₄HCO₃NH₄HCO₃ + NaCl → NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl
2 NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

Uses of Sodium carbonate: Sodium carbonate is domestically well known for its everyday use as a water softener. It also has the most important use to manufacture glass. Sodium carbonate is also used as a relatively strong base in various settings. For example, sodium carbonate is used as a pH regulator to maintain stable alkaline conditions necessary for the action of the majority of developing agents. In domestic use, Sodium carbonate is used as a water softener during laundry. It is often used as an electrolyte in chemistry. This is because electrolytes are usually salt-based, and sodium carbonate acts as a very good conductor in the process of electrolysis. It is also used as a primary standard for acid-base titrations because it is solid and air-stable, making it easy to weigh accurately. In dyeing with fiber-reactive dyes, sodium carbonate is used to ensure proper chemical bonding of the dye with the fibers, typically before dyeing, mixed with the dye, or after dyeing.

When using Sodium carbonate, you must be cautious about it. The substance is irritant to eyes, respiratory system and skin and toxic to aquatic organisms which may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Whenever you will contact or use it, you must wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
(3)InChIKey: CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Toxicity of Sodium carbonate:

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
guinea pig	LC50	inhalation	800mg/m³/2H (800mg/m³)	LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES	Environmental Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 138, 1983.
man	LDLo	oral	714mg/kg (714mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM SMALL INTESTINE GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES	Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 32, Pg. 570, 1990.
mouse	LC50	inhalation	1200mg/m³/2H (1200mg/m³)	LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES	Environmental Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 138, 1983.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	117mg/kg (117mg/kg)		Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 257, Pg. 791, 1963.
mouse	LD50	oral	6600mg/kg (6600mg/kg)		Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 20(11), Pg. 55, 1976.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	2210mg/kg (2210mg/kg)		Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 33, Pg. 266, 1970.
rat	LC50	inhalation	2300mg/m³/2H (2300mg/m³)	LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES	Environmental Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 138, 1983.
rat	LD50	oral	4090mg/kg (4090mg/kg)		"Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 8, 1972.

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Specification