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Proteasome inhibitors

Proteasome inhibitors are drugs that block the activity of proteasomes, large protein complexes found in cells responsible for degrading unwanted or damaged proteins. Proteasomes play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the turnover of proteins involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and the response to oxidative stress. Inhibiting proteasome activity disrupts protein degradation, leading to the accumulation of misfolded or damaged proteins within cells. This accumulation can trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, making proteasome inhibitors a valuable therapeutic approach for treating certain cancers, such as multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Commonly used proteasome inhibitors include bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib. While effective against cancer cells, proteasome inhibitors can also affect normal cells, leading to side effects such as peripheral neuropathy, gastrointestinal disturbances, and hematological toxicities.
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