Histamine Receptor Inhibitors
Histamine receptor inhibitors, also known as antihistamines, are pharmacological agents that block the action of histamine at its receptor sites in the body. Histamine receptors are categorized into several subtypes, including H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors, each playing distinct roles in allergic reactions, gastric acid secretion, neurotransmission, and inflammation. Inhibitors bind to these receptors and prevent histamine from exerting its effects, thereby reducing histamine-mediated responses. For example, H1 receptor inhibitors such as diphenhydramine and cetirizine are used to alleviate symptoms of allergic reactions, such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose, by blocking H1 receptors in peripheral tissues. H2 receptor inhibitors like ranitidine and famotidine reduce gastric acid secretion and are used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by targeting H2 receptors in the stomach.
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