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Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists are pharmacological agents that block or inhibit the action of dopamine at its receptor sites in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Dopamine receptors are categorized into several subtypes, including D1-like receptors (D1 and D5) and D2-like receptors (D2, D3, and D4), each playing critical roles in motor control, cognition, emotion, and reward mechanisms. Antagonists bind to these receptors and prevent dopamine from exerting its effects, thereby reducing dopamine-mediated responses. This blockade can lead to various physiological and pharmacological effects, depending on the subtype targeted. For instance, D2 receptor antagonists such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine are used in psychiatry to treat psychotic disorders like schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors and reducing psychotic symptoms. Similarly, D2 receptor antagonists are also used in the management of nausea and vomiting, as well as certain neurological conditions.
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