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COX inhibitors

COX inhibitors are pharmacological agents that block the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2, which are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins play crucial roles in inflammation, pain signaling, and maintaining gastrointestinal mucosa integrity. By inhibiting COX enzymes, these inhibitors reduce the production of prostaglandins, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, are examples of COX inhibitors commonly used to alleviate pain and inflammation in conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, and injuries. Selective COX-2 inhibitors, like celecoxib, were developed to reduce gastrointestinal side effects associated with traditional NSAIDs by targeting COX-2 specifically, which is induced during inflammation.
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