- A new synthetic method for para alkylation of benzoic acids using metallic strontium and alkyl iodide
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Aromatic carboxylic acids reacted with metallic strontium and alkyl iodides to give para alkylated products preferentially in moderate to good yields. Copyright
- Miyoshi, Norikazu,Matsuo, Tsuyoshi,Mori, Mariko,Matsui, Aki,Kikuchi, Makoto,Wada, Makoto,Hayashi, Masahiko
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- Cobalt-Catalyzed Deprotection of Allyl Carboxylic Esters Induced by Hydrogen Atom Transfer
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A brief, efficient method has been developed for the removal of the allyl protecting group from allyl carboxylic esters using a Co(II)/TBHP/(Me2SiH)2O catalytic system. This facile strategy displays excellent chemoselectivity, functional group tolerance, and high yields. This transformation probably occurs through the hydrogen atom transfer process, and a Co(III)-six-membered cyclic intermediate is recommended.
- Li, Nan,Gui, Yizhen,Chu, Mengqi,You, Mengdi,Qiu, Xiaohan,Liu, Hejia,Wang, Shiang,Deng, Meng,Ji, Baoming
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supporting information
p. 8460 - 8464
(2021/11/13)
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- Scalable Negishi Coupling between Organozinc Compounds and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides under Aerobic Conditions when using Bulk Water or Deep Eutectic Solvents with no Additional Ligands
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Pd-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling reactions between organozinc compounds and (hetero)aryl bromides have been reported when using bulk water as the reaction medium in the presence of NaCl or the biodegradable choline chloride/urea eutectic mixture. Both C(sp3)-C(sp2) and C(sp2)-C(sp2) couplings have been found to proceed smoothly, with high chemoselectivity, under mild conditions (room temperature or 60 °C) in air, and in competition with protonolysis. Additional benefits include very short reaction times (20 s), good to excellent yields (up to 98 %), wide substrate scope, and the tolerance of a variety of functional groups. The proposed novel protocol is scalable, and the practicability of the method is further highlighted by an easy recycling of both the catalyst and the eutectic mixture or water.
- Dilauro, Giuseppe,Azzollini, Claudia S.,Vitale, Paola,Salomone, Antonio,Perna, Filippo M.,Capriati, Vito
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supporting information
p. 10632 - 10636
(2021/04/09)
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- Cobalt-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl and vinyl chlorides with CO2
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The transition-metal-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl and vinyl chlorides with CO2 is rarely studied, and has been achieved only with a Ni catalyst or combination of palladium and photoredox. In this work, the cobalt-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl and vinyl chlorides and bromides with CO2 has been developed. These transformations proceed under mild conditions and exhibit a broad substrate scope, affording the corresponding carboxylic acids in good to high yields.
- Wang, Yanwei,Jiang, Xiaomei,Wang, Baiquan
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supporting information
p. 14416 - 14419
(2020/12/01)
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- Single-Electron-Transfer-Induced Coupling of Alkylzinc Reagents with Aryl Iodides
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Alkylzinc reagents prepared from an alkyllithium and zinc iodide were found to undergo coupling with aryl and alkenyl iodides in the presence of LiI in a mixed solvent consisting of THF and diglyme (1:1). Alkyllithiums, prepared by halogen–lithium exchange between an alkyl iodide and tert-butyllithium, are also converted to alkylarenes through alkylzinc reagents.
- Okura, Keisho,Shirakawa, Eiji
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supporting information
p. 3043 - 3046
(2016/07/14)
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- A Strained Disilane-Promoted Carboxylation of Organic Halides with CO2 under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions
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By using a strained four-membered ring disilane (3,4-benzo-1,1,2,2-tetraethyldisilacyclobutene) and CsF, a wide range of aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, benzyl, allyl, and alkyl halides was successfully carboxylated under an ambient CO2 atmosphere (CO2 balloon) at room temperature within 2 h. In this carboxylation, a highly reactive silyl anion, which is generated from the disilane and CsF, is a key to facilitating the formation of a carbanion equivalent. The resulting anionic species can be trapped with CO2 to produce carboxylic acids with high efficiency.
- Mita, Tsuyoshi,Suga, Kenta,Sato, Kaori,Sato, Yoshihiro
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supporting information
p. 5276 - 5279
(2015/11/18)
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- An outstanding catalyst for the oxygen-mediated oxidation of arylcarbinols, arylmethylene and arylacetylene compounds
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A convenient and sustainable protocol for the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols to carbonyl compounds, based on the use of 1,2,4-triazole-type ligands and nickel(ii) bromide, is described. This combination leads to the formation of an exceedingly active, enzyme-like system that allows for other oxidative processes, such as benzylic C-H oxidation and oxygen-mediated cleavage of C-C triple bond, a pioneering procedure for transformation of alkynes into carboxylic acids.
- Urgoitia,Sanmartin,Herrero,Domínguez
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supporting information
p. 4799 - 4802
(2015/03/18)
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- Palladium on carbon-catalyzed aqueous transformation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids based on dehydrogenation under mildly reduced pressure
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The catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to carbonyl products is a green sustainable oxidation with no production of waste except for hydrogen, which can be an energy source. Additionally, a reusable heterogeneous catalyst is valuable from the viewpoint of process chemistry and water is a green solvent. We have accomplished the palladium on carbon (Pd/C)-catalyzed dehydrogenation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids in water under a mildly reduced pressure (800 hPa). The reduced pressure can be easily controlled by the vacuum controller of the rotary evaporator to remove the excess of generated hydrogen, which causes the reduction (reverse reaction) of aldehydes to alcohols (starting materials) and other undesirable side reactions. The present method is applicable to the reaction of various aliphatic and benzylic alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids, and the Pd/C could be reused at least 5 times.
- Sawama, Yoshinari,Morita, Kosuke,Asai, Shota,Kozawa, Masami,Tadokoro, Shinsuke,Nakajima, Junichi,Monguchi, Yasunari,Sajiki, Hironao
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supporting information
p. 1205 - 1210
(2015/04/22)
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- Iron-catalysed, general and operationally simple formal hydrogenation using Fe(OTf)3 and NaBH4
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An operationally simple and environmentally benign formal hydrogenation protocol has been developed using highly abundant iron(iii) salts and an inexpensive, bench stable, stoichiometric reductant, NaBH4, in ethanol, under ambient conditions. This reaction has been applied to the reduction of terminal alkenes (22 examples, up to 95% yield) and nitro-groups (26 examples, up to 95% yield). Deuterium labelling studies indicate that this reaction proceeds via an ionic rather than radical mechanism.
- MacNair, Alistair J.,Tran, Ming-Ming,Nelson, Jennifer E.,Sloan, G. Usherwood,Ironmonger, Alan,Thomas, Stephen P.
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supporting information
p. 5082 - 5088
(2014/07/08)
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- Inclusion complex containing epoxy resin composition for semiconductor encapsulation
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The invention is an epoxy resin composition for sealing a semiconductor, including (A) an epoxy resin and (B) a clathrate complex. The clathrate complex is one of (b1) an aromatic carboxylic acid compound, and (b2) at least one imidazole compound represented by formula (II): wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-C10 alkyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group or cyanoethyl group, and R3 to R5 represent a hydrogen atom, nitro group, halogen atom, C1-C20 alkyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group, hydroxymethyl group or C1-C20 acyl group. The composition has improved storage stability, retains flowability when sealing, and achieves an effective curing rate applicable for sealing delicate semiconductors.
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- Rhodium-on-carbon catalyzed hydrogen scavenger- and oxidant-free dehydrogenation of alcohols in aqueous media
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The efficient and catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols is a clean approach for preparing carbonyl compounds accompanied only by the generation of hydrogen gas. We have accomplished the heterogeneous rhodium-on-carbon catalyzed dehydrogenation of secondary, as well as primary, alcohols to the corresponding ketones and carboxylic acids in water under basic conditions. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Sawama, Yoshinari,Morita, Kosuke,Yamada, Tsuyoshi,Nagata, Saori,Yabe, Yuki,Monguchi, Yasunari,Sajiki, Hironao
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supporting information
p. 3439 - 3443
(2014/07/08)
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- Nickel-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl and vinyl chlorides employing carbon dioxide
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Nickel-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl and vinyl chlorides employing carbon dioxide has been developed. The reactions proceeded under a CO2 pressure of 1 atm at room temperature in the presence of nickel catalysts and Mn powder as a reducing agent. Various aryl chlorides could be converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid in good to high yields. Furthermore, vinyl chlorides were successfully carboxylated with CO2. Mechanistic study suggests that Ni(I) species is involved in the catalytic cycle.
- Fujihara, Tetsuaki,Nogi, Keisuke,Xu, Tinghua,Terao, Jun,Tsuji, Yasushi
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 9106 - 9109
(2012/07/13)
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- Process for the carboxylation of aryl halides with palladium catalysts
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A process for the carboxylation of an aryl halide to yield an aryl carboxylic acid, in which the aryl halide and CO2 are contacted in an organic solvent under inert atmosphere and in the presence of a reducing agent and an adequate catalyst system.
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Page/Page column 5-6
(2011/05/04)
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- B-Alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of tri-n-alkylboranes with arylbromides bearing acidic functions under mild non-aqueous conditions
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An efficient and chemoselective Pd-catalyzed B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of tri-n-alkylboranes with arylbromides possessing acidic functions is described. This protocol features the relatively weak base Cs2CO3 and mild non-
- Sun, Hui-Xia,Sun, Zhi-Hua,Wang, Bing
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experimental part
p. 1596 - 1599
(2009/06/18)
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- Direct B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of trialkyl-boranes with aryl bromides in the presence of unmasked acidic or basic functions and base-labile protections under mild non-aqueous conditions
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An efficient and chemoselective palladium-catalyzed direct B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of trialkylboranes with diversely functionalized aryl bromides is described. A wide variety of unmasked acidic or basic functions are tolerated. The mild non-
- Wang, Bing,Sun, Hui-Xia,Sun, Zhi-Hua,Lin, Guo-Qiang
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experimental part
p. 415 - 422
(2009/10/23)
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- Palladium-catalyzed direct carboxylation of aryl bromides with carbon dioxide
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A novel protocol for the direct carbon dioxide insertion (CO2) into aryl halides in a catalytic manner is presented herein. Unlike other carboxylation methods using CO2, there is no need for the synthesis of the corresponding organometallic intermediates. Additionally, and in contrast to the well-established carbonylation processes, our protocol does not use highly toxic CO for the preparation of benzoic acids. Furthermore, this method is distinguished by its mild conditions, allowing the tolerance of a wide range of functional groups and substitution patterns. The crucial step of the process involves a challenging catalytic CO2 insertion into Pd-C bonds. Copyright
- Correa, Arkaitz,Martin, Ruben
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 15974 - 15975
(2010/02/15)
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- Pincer thioamide and pincer thioimide palladium complexes catalyze highly efficient negishi coupling of primary and secondary alkyl zinc reagents at room temperature
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Pincer thioamide PdII complex 2 was prepared, and its reaction with cyclohexylzinc chloride yielded novel pincer thioimide PdII complex 3 besides Pd0 species. The structures of complexes 2 and 3 were confirmed by X-ray ana
- Wang, Haibo,Liu, Jing,Deng, Yi,Min, Tianyin,Yu, Ganxiang,Wu, Xiaojun,Yang, Zhen,Lei, Aiwen
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1499 - 1507
(2009/08/07)
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- Synthesis of aromatic carboxylic acids by carbonylation of aryl halides in the presence of epoxide-modified cobalt carbonyls as catalysts
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A new procedure was developed for synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic acids and their derivatives (esters, salts) by carbonylation of the corresponding aryl halides. The acids are selectively formed in a high yield under very mild conditions. Highly active catalytic systems, base-containing alcoholic solutions of cobalt carbonyl modified with epoxides, were used to activate aryl halides. 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
- Boyarskii,Zhesko,Lanina
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p. 1844 - 1848
(2007/10/03)
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- INHIBITORS OF FUNGAL INVASION
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This invention relates to various anti-fungall agents including agents that are inhibitors of fungal invasion.
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Drawing sheet 78
(2010/02/09)
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- Effect of substituent character on carbonylation of aryl halides in two-phase systems
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Effect of substituent character in the ring of aryl bromides on their reactivity in carbonylation resulting in aromatic acids. The reaction was carried out in two-phase system p-xylene - water in the presence of palladium-phosphinic catalysts. Optimal conditions of preparation of arylcarboxylic acids were developed.
- Lapidus,Petrovskii,Bruk,Beletskaya
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p. 1636 - 1639
(2007/10/03)
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- Carbonylation of aryl halides in a two-phase system in the presence of palladium complexes
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Carbonylation of aryl halides in aqueous-organic systems in the presence of palladium complexes has been studied. The effects of the ligand nature (hydrophobic or hydrophilic phosphine) and its amount, phase-transfer catalyst, concentration of the base, solvent, and other factors have been examined. Watersoluble catalysts are less efficient than those soluble in organic solvents. Iodobenzene and p-dibromobenzene react more readily than bromobenzene, whereas carbonylation of p- and o-bromotoluenes is more difficult. The carbonylation of bromobenzene in a mixture with iodobenzene is faster than in the absence of the latter. When the rate-determining stage in the carbonylation of aryl bromides is oxidative addition of the substrate to Pd(0) complex, quaternary ammonium salts and iodine compounds act as catalyst promotors.
- Beletskaya,Lapidus,Petrovskii
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p. 1464 - 1470
(2007/10/03)
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- Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of Grignard reagents with halobenzoic acids, halophenols and haloanilines
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Convenient syntheses of substituted benzoic acids, phenols and anilines have been achieved by using palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between Grignard reagents and aryl halides containing carboxy, hydroxy and amino groups without a protection-deprotection sequence.
- Bumagin, Nikolai A.,Luzikova, Elena V.
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p. 271 - 273
(2007/10/03)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Stille Couplings of Aryl, Vinyl-, and Alkyltrichlorostannanes in Aqueous Solution
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Stille Coupling of water-soluble aryl and vinyl halides with alkyl, aryl-, and vinyltrichlorostannane derivatives (RSnCl3) are effected in aqueous solution using a catalyst generated in situ from PdCl2 and KOH both with and without added PhP(mC6H4SO3Na)2.The yields are generally good to excellent, although some limitations of the protocol are described.
- Rai, Roopa,Aubrecht, Katherine B.,Collum, David B.
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p. 3111 - 3114
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis and antirhinovirus activity of 6-(dimethylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-9-(substituted benzyl)-9H-purines
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A series of 6-(dimethylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-9-(substituted benzyl)purines was synthesized and tested for antirhinovirus activity. Most of the compounds were synthesized by alkylation of 6-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-9H-purine with the appropriate benzyl halide followed by displacement of the chloro group with dimethylamine. Alternatively, 6-(dimethylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)purine was alkylated with the appropriate benzyl halide. Although several different aryl substituents provided compounds with IC50's = 0.03 μM against rhinovirus serotype 1B, no congener was significantly more active than the parent 2. Twenty-three compounds were tested against 18 other serotypes, but none exhibited a uniform profile of activity.
- Kelley,Linn,Selway
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p. 1757 - 1763
(2007/10/02)
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- New potent antagonists of leukotrienes C4 and D4. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships
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(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (3a) had moderate antagonist activities against LTD4-induced smooth muscle contraction on guinea pig ileum and LTC4-induced bronchoconstriction in anesthetized guinea pigs. Modifications were made in the hydrophobic part (cinnamoyl moiety) and the hydrophilic part (anthranilate moiety) of 3a. A series of 8-(benzoylamino)-2-tetrazol-5-yl-1,4-benzodioxans and 8-(benzoylamino)-2-tetrazol-5-yl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyrans were revealed to be potent antagonists of leukotrienes C4 and D4. Among both series, ONO-RS-347 (18k) and ONO-RS411 (19h) were the most potent and orally active antagonists, respectively. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.
- Nakai,Konno,Kosuge,Sakuyama,Toda,Arai,Obata,Katsube,Miyamoto,Okegawa,Kawasaki
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- Ion-sensitive electrode potentiometry of organic anions: Application to quantitative structure-activity relationships
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Ion-sensitive electrode potentiometry is proposed for determination of substituent constants for structural modifications of organic acids. A liquid membrane anion-sensitive electrode responds reproducibly to a wide range of carboxylate and sulfonate ions. Fragment constants for the addition of a methylene group to aromatic and aliphatic acids are -2.4 and -3.3 ± 0.15 kJ/mol, respectively. Agreement is observed between these constants and those determined by other techniques, including partitioning studies in biphasic systems, suggesting the use of potentiometry for quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. Furthermore, the electrode measurements correlate with biological effects resulting from hydrophobic interactions.
- Hirsch,Rachlin
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p. 1235 - 1239
(2007/10/02)
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- Cyano-substituted biphenyl compounds and liquid crystalline dielectrics containing the same
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Biphenyl derivatives of the formula: STR1 wherein X is --CO--O-- or --O--CO--, R1 and R4 are alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and one of R2 and R3 is CN and the other is H, are useful for lowering the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystalline dielectrics.
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