528-29-0 Usage
Description
1,2-Dinitrobenzene is a light yellow-brown powder that is a colorless to yellow solid at room temperature. It sinks and slowly mixes with water. This chemical compound is known for its chemical properties and various applications across different industries.
Uses
Used in Environmental Analysis:
1,2-Dinitrobenzene is used as an internal standard for the analysis of explosives such as TNT, RDX, and tetryl in seawater. This application takes advantage of its chemical properties to ensure accurate and reliable results in vapor phase chromatography with the nickel-63 electron capture detector.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
1,2-Dinitrobenzene is also utilized as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. Its reactivity and stability make it a valuable component in the production of these substances.
Used in Industrial Processes:
In the industrial sector, 1,2-Dinitrobenzene is employed in processes that require its specific chemical properties, such as in the manufacturing of certain types of plastics, rubber, and other materials. Its versatility and compatibility with various substances make it a useful component in these applications.
Synthesis Reference(s)
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 21, p. 1065, 1956 DOI: 10.1021/jo01116a003
Health Hazard
INHALATION, INGESTION, OR SKIN ABSORPTION: Headache, vertigo and vomiting followed by exhaustion, numbness of the legs, staggering and collapse. Intense methemoglobinenia may lead to asphyxia severe enough to injure the CNS. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Stains skin yellow.
Safety Profile
Suspected carcinogen.
Poison by inhalation and ingestion.
Moderately toxic by sktn contact. Can cause
liver, kidney, and central nervous system
injury. Combustible when exposed to heat
or flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing
materials. A severe explosion hazard when
shocked or exposed to heat or flame. It is
used in bursting charges and to fiu artillery
shells. Mixtures with nitric acid are highly
explosive. To fight fire, use water, Co2, dry
chemical. Dangerous; when heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
NO, and explodes. See also mand pDINITROBENZENE and NITRO
COMPOUNDS of AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS.
Environmental fate
Biological. Under anaerobic and aerobic conditions using a sewage inoculum, 1,2-dinitrobenzene degraded to nitroaniline (Hallas and Alexander, 1983).
Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that the nitro-containing compounds (e.g., 2,4-
dinitrophenol) undergo degradation by UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide yielding
ammonium, carbonate, and nitrate ions. By analogy, 1,2-dinitrobenzene should degrade forming
identical ions.
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and
Lewis, 1987). 1,2-Dinitrobenzene will not hydrolyze in water (Kollig, 1993).
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from EtOH. [Beilstein 5 IV 738.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 528-29-0 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,2 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 528-29:
(5*5)+(4*2)+(3*8)+(2*2)+(1*9)=70
70 % 10 = 0
So 528-29-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C6H4N2O4/c9-7(10)5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(11)12/h1-4H
528-29-0Relevant articles and documents
-
Ogata,Tsuchida
, p. 1065 (1956)
-
-
Wyler
, p. 23,29, 41 (1932)
-
Transition-State Interactions in a Promiscuous Enzyme: Sulfate and Phosphate Monoester Hydrolysis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Arylsulfatase
Van Loo, Bert,Berry, Ryan,Boonyuen, Usa,Mohamed, Mark F.,Golicnik, Marko,Hengge, AlVan C.,Hollfelder, Florian
, p. 1363 - 1378 (2019/03/11)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase (PAS) hydrolyzes sulfate and, promiscuously, phosphate monoesters. Enzyme-catalyzed sulfate transfer is crucial to a wide variety of biological processes, but detailed studies of the mechanistic contributions to its catalysis are lacking. We present linear free energy relationships (LFERs) and kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) of PAS and analyses of active site mutants that suggest a key role for leaving group (LG) stabilization. In LFERs PASWT has a much less negative Br?nsted coefficient (βleaving groupobs-Enz = 0.33) than the uncatalyzed reaction (βleaving groupobs = 1.81). This situation is diminished when cationic active site groups are exchanged for alanine. The considerable degree of bond breaking during the transition state (TS) is evidenced by an 18Obridge KIE of 1.0088. LFER and KIE data for several active site mutants point to leaving group stabilization by active site K375, in cooperation with H211. 15N KIEs and the increased sensitivity to leaving group ability of the sulfatase activity in neat D2O (βleaving groupH-D = +0.06) suggest that the mechanism for S-Obridge bond fission shifts, with decreasing leaving group ability, from charge compensation via Lewis acid interactions toward direct proton donation. 18Ononbridge KIEs indicate that the TS for PAS-catalyzed sulfate monoester hydrolysis has a significantly more associative character compared to the uncatalyzed reaction, while PAS-catalyzed phosphate monoester hydrolysis does not show this shift. This difference in enzyme-catalyzed TSs appears to be the major factor favoring specificity toward sulfate over phosphate esters by this promiscuous hydrolase, since other features are either too similar (uncatalyzed TS) or inherently favor phosphate (charge).
PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF (PER) FLUOROPOLYETHERS WITH AROMATIC END GROUPS
-
, (2015/12/11)
The invention relates to a process which comprises the reaction of a (per)fluoropolyether peroxide with an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic compound. The process allows to obtain (per)fluoropolyether compounds having two chain ends, wherein one or both chain ends is a —CF2— group covalently bound to an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group through a -carbon-carbon- bond. The invention further relates to the use of these compounds and to their derivatives as additives for perfluorinated oils and greases.