85409-22-9 Usage
Description
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-14-alkyldimethyl, chlorides, also known as Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), are a class of cationic surfactants belonging to the quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) family. They are used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their effective bactericidal and fungicidal properties. BAC is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, with the main compounds having alkyl chain lengths of C12, C14, C16, and C18.
Uses
Used in Personal Hygiene and Cosmetic Products:
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-14-alkyldimethyl, chlorides are used as cationic detergents and antiseptic agents in personal hygiene and cosmetic products for their antimicrobial properties.
Used in Skin Disinfection and Medications:
These compounds are used in skin disinfectants and medications for the relief of burns, scalds, cuts, and local inflammation of the skin and mouth, as well as for infant teething and wipes for irritations around the anus.
Used in Ophthalmic Preparations:
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-14-alkyldimethyl, chlorides are used as preservatives in multidose aqueous nasal, ophthalmic, and otic products, including eye drops, at a concentration of 0.01-0.02%.
Used in Antimicrobial Preservation:
These compounds are used as antimicrobial preservatives for pharmaceutical products, ensuring the minimization of microbial growth in multidose containers.
Used in Disinfectants and Hand Sanitizers:
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a common preservative in ophthalmic medications and serves as an active ingredient in some skin disinfectants and hand sanitizers, effective against bacteria and enveloped viruses.
Used in Viral Inactivation:
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-14-alkyldimethyl, chlorides have been found to inactivate various viruses, such as influenza, measles, and herpes simplex, after exposure at specific conditions.
Used in Food and Dairy Industry:
These compounds are used as germicides for cleansing food and dairy utensils, ensuring hygienic conditions in the industry.
Used in Swimming Pool Maintenance:
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-14-alkyldimethyl, chlorides act as controlling agents for swimming pool algae, maintaining a clean and safe environment for swimmers.
Used in Deodorants and Hairdressing Preparations:
These compounds are also used as additives in deodorants and hairdressing products, providing antimicrobial and preservative benefits.
Pharmaceutical Applications
benzalkonium chloride appears to be the main preservative in ophthalmic preparations on the EU market, approximately 74% of ophthalmic preparations contain benzalkonium chloride as a preservative. Benzalkonium chloride is further used as a preservative in more than 200 medicinal products for the nasal route of administration and about 10 preparations for inhalation use are authorised on EU markets based on the additional survey performed amongst a limited number of member states. Only a few medicinal products containing benzalkonium chloride are intended for other routes of administrations i.e. cutaneous, oral, oromucosal, rectal, vaginal and parenteral use.
ability of kill coronavirus
Benzalkonium chloride is often used in non-alcohol-based hand sanitisers. It has some effectivity against bacteria and limited activity against viruses. It’s also slow to act, meaning that non-alcohol-based sanitisers are generally less effective than alcohol-based ones. The CDC states that the available evidence is that benzalkonium chloride is not as effective against coronavirus as alcohols. CDC does not have a recommended alternative to hand rub products with greater than 60% ethanol or 70% isopropanol as active ingredients.
Safety
Repeated dose oral toxicity studies have shown that within 2 days of dosing benzalkonium chloride is lethal in mice and rats at concentrations of approximately 500 mg/kg/day (dietary administration) and above due to local effects in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, no organ-specific toxicity was observed in these two species at concentrations below those causing direct effects on the GI tract. Results of 90-day and chronic toxicity studies have only shown changes in body weight and other general responses.
Substantial literature data indicate that benzalkonium chloride may induce ocular damage. In vivo studies have been mainly performed in rabbits and, therefore, careful extrapolation to humans is required due to the differences between these two species. A recent study of the toxicity of ophthalmological solutions containing 0.005% and 0.01% of benzalkonium chloride applied twice daily in rabbits and monkeys for up to 52 weeks did not show ophthalmological changes of irritation or corneal damage.
In vitro studies have suggested that benzalkonium chloride (0.001–0.05%) may cause ciliary beat stasis as well as nasal lesions in rats when applied eight times daily.
Available experimental data indicate that benzalkonium chloride is neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic nor a reproductive toxicant.
Indications
Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium detergent that treats grampositive
and gram-negative organisms. Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa are often resistant. It is not effective against spore-forming
organisms. It is nonirritating to mucous membranes and may be used near the eyes.
Drawbacks include lack of sustained activity and ease of contamination of this
antimicrobial. It is inactivated by anionic compounds such as soap. A 0.1% solution
takes 7 minutes to decrease the bacterial count by 50%. All traces of soap must be
removed with 70% alcohol before use.
Clinical Use
Benzalkonium chloride, a quaternary ammonium compound, is found as a preservative in contact lens cleaning solutions, soaps, and skin care products and is used as a disinfectant and impregnated on medical devices to prevent bacterial colonization. Localized Cou has been described to cutaneous contact with a toilet cleaner.Parenteral and mucosal exposure has been documented to result in a generalized urticaria, respiratory compromise, and anaphylaxis. It was used as a preservative in bronchodilator nebulizer solutions; however, it was proven to cause bronchoconstriction in some asthmatic patients and a call for its withdrawal from these products occurred in 2001.Whether these effects are related to an IgE-mediated mechanism has not been established.
Bernstein et al. describe a case of combined occupational asthma and localized and generalized Cou to contact with benzalkonium chloride in a toilet cleaner. They could not show benzalkonium chloride-specific IgE antibodies in the serum of this patient.
Benzalkonium chloride in nasal drops,eye drops,nebulizer solution,and a benzalkonium-coated central venous catheter have been documented to cause immediate generalized reactions and anaphylaxis.
Enzyme inhibitor
This cationic surface-active disinfectant and preservative (FWlauryl-homologue =
340.00 g/mol; CAS 8001-54-5; Soluble in Ethanol and Acetone), also
named alkyldimethylbenzyl-ammonium chloride, refers to several cationic
detergents that are widely used in various pharmaceutical preparations,
including eye, ear, and nasal drops as well as leave-on antiseptics. (See also
specific agent) Benzalkonium chloride has also been used in the isolation and
purification of proteins and as an antimicrobial agent. Commercial sources
typically contain a mixture of alkyl homologues, predominantly with a
dodecyl (lauryl) side-chain. Standard concentrates are manufactured as 50%
and 80% w/w solutions, and sold under trade names such as BC50, BC80,
BAC50, and BAC80. Target (s) : acetylcholinesterase, esterase activity;
butyrylcholinesterase, esterase activity (but activates the aryl acylamidase
activity); trypsin; chymotrypsin; histamine release; G proteins
; serralysin; chitosanase.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 85409-22-9 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 8,5,4,0 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 85409-22:
(7*8)+(6*5)+(5*4)+(4*0)+(3*9)+(2*2)+(1*2)=139
139 % 10 = 9
So 85409-22-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
