8002-05-9

Basic information

• Product Name: Lubricant base
• Synonyms: Base oil for lubricating oil;Lubricant base;PETROLEUM DISTILLATES;COALLIQUID;MINERAL-BASEDCRANKCASEOIL;NORTHSEACRUDEOIL;COALLIQUEFACTIONPRODUCT;COALLIQUIDS
• CAS NO: 8002-05-9
• Molecular Weight: 0
• EINECS: 232-298-5
• Product Categories: UVCBs-organic
• Mol File: 8002-05-9.mol
• Article Data: 0

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: /
• CAS DataBase Reference: Lubricant base(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Lubricant base(8002-05-9)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Lubricant base(8002-05-9)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T
• Statements: 45
• Safety Statements: 53-45
• RIDADR: 1267
• HazardClass: 3.2
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 8002-05-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Lubricant base, derived from crude oil, is a complex mixture of chemicals with varying compositions depending on the source. It consists of paraffinic hydrocarbons, long-chain straight or branched carbon-based chemicals, naphthenic hydrocarbons, and multiple-ringed carbon-based chemicals. Crude oil also contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen compounds, and trace elements such as metals.
Used in Petroleum Industry:
Lubricant base is used as a raw material for producing various petroleum products, including gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, gas oil, wax distillate, and asphaltics. The refining process separates the components of crude oil into usable products, with each fraction finding its way into consumer products.
Used in Manufacturing Industry:
Lubricant base is used as a solvent in the production of adhesives, brake linings, rubber cements, tires, intaglio inks, paints, and lacquers. It is also utilized in degreasing operations to remove oil and grease from surfaces.
Used in Shipping Industry:
Approximately half of the world's crude oil production, around 3-4 billion tons per year, is transported by sea. Lubricant base plays a crucial role in the shipping industry by providing the necessary lubrication for the smooth operation of engines and machinery.
Used in Construction Industry:
The asphaltic fraction of crude oil, which consists of chemicals with the largest carbon numbers, is used as roof or road tar in the construction industry. Lubricant base contributes to the production of these asphaltic materials, which are essential for building infrastructure.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are contained in Lubricant base, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water. May be ignited by strong oxidizers.

Health Hazard

Vapor irritates respiratory tract, causes coughing and mild depression. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation with coughing, gagging, and rapidly developing pulmonary edema. Ingestion irritates mouth and stomach, causes nausea, vomiting, swelling of abdomen, cardiac arrhythmias.

Safety Profile

Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data by skin contact. A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or powerful oxicllzers. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See I also MINERAL OIL.

Environmental Fate

A small fraction of the petroleum products is released to land, either accidentally or intentionally. Release of refined oils, particularly gasoline, from leaking underground storage tanks is the most widely recognized source of petroleum contamination of soils and groundwater. In contrast, over 2 million tons of oil per year enter the marine environment from all sources. Anthropogenic sources (~85%) include chronic discharges (storage facilities, refineries, tankers), accidental oil spills and to a lesser extent, river-borne discharges, and diffuse discharges (industry, offshore oil platforms, atmosphere). The main source of chronic discharges offshore is produced water, the maximum permitted concentration of crude oil in discharged produced water being 30 mg l-1. Following release to the environment, petroleum products may accumulate in soils and sediments where they undergo dispersal and weathering (changes in physical and chemical properties). Crude oil spilled on water also undergoes weathering. Weathering affects the composition and toxicity of the hydrocarbon mixtures, occurs by abiotic (volatilization and oxidation) and biotic processes (including biodegradation), and begins immediately after crude oil is released into the environment. Its chemical-specific properties will determine how an individual compound of crude oil fares during weathering. Small volatile compounds are lost first from both land and water releases whereas large paraffinic compounds are more persistent and asphaltic compounds are the residual material. Heavy fractions with high density may adsorb to suspended solids and sink into the sediment. This happens after the initial removal of the smaller and more volatile chemicals by either dissolution or volatilization. Persistence depends on the type of oil, the season, the geomorphology of the coast and the degree of exposure, and goes from some few to many decades. After 20 years, most of the oil spilled by Exxon Valdez was eliminated due to natural weathering although some subsurface oil residues, sequestered and slowly affected by natural weathering, remained. Although controversial due to the well-known side effects and toxicity, the judicious and proper application of chemical dispersants may accelerate the dispersion of crude oil from the sea surface into the water column, which in turn helps to accelerate its dilution, weathering, and biodegradation. Biodegradation is a major process that removes hydrocarbons released into both soil and aquatic environments. However, the biodegradation of crude oil is only efficient when crude oil concentrations are low. It may last for decades and requires the simultaneous action of different microbial populations, including fungi and bacteria. Biodegradation rates for crude oils will vary considerably, but in standard 28-day studies, none would be expected to be readily biodegradable. Most of the nonvolatile constituents of crude oil are inherently biodegradable but some of the highest molecular weight components are persistent in water. n-Alkanes are utilized as food by many marine microbes and readily biodegraded in seawater. Branched-chain or iso-alkanes are less biodegradable but they do ultimately biodegrade. Cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons are resistant to biodegradation, but a few microorganisms are able to utilize them. High molecular weight compounds, the tars and asphaltenes are practically reluctant to ultimate biodegradation and persist in the environment. In soils, 25% total PAHs of spilled crude oil can be naturally removed by soil microorganisms within a period of 9 months under optimal conditions, but the time needed to eliminate the remaining PAHs may also extend to decades. Biodegradation can be enhanced by the presence or earthworms and other soil invertebrates that contribute to optimize microbial habitats and by artificially adding nutrients to stimulate microbial action.

Toxicity evaluation

The concern for both dermal and inhalation exposures is the site of contact and effects on that tissue. The mechanism of crude oil toxicity is mediated through its irritant effects which after sufficient exposure duration and concentration result in tissue hyperplasia. Chronic hyperplasia leads to subsequent loss of tissue integrity and damage and in someanimalmodels of cancer. It has been suggested that at exposures below levels that cause chronic irritation, other long-termeffects would not be expected. Although studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of crude oils are relatively few, there is a substantial body of data on products derived from crude oils, such as gasoline, diesel fuels, kerosene and jet fuels, lubricating oils, and white oils. Extrapolation from these studies provides insight into biologically active components of crude oils. Crude oil contains many chemicals considered toxic and the effects of these individual chemicals should be evaluated if exposure is possible. Although polar- and nonpolar compounds contribute to the toxicity of (weathered) crude oil, the water-soluble fraction (WSF) is dominated by polar compounds, which accounts for a large portion of the toxicity. Crude oil toxicity can vary depending on environmental factors. For instance, exposure of crude oil to sunlight enhances the toxicity of its WSF because this contains some hydrocarbon compounds that are phototoxic or exhibit at least photoenhanced toxicity.