7778-87-2

Basic information

• Product Name: Propyl heptanoate
• Synonyms: heptanoicacid,propylester;heptanoicacidpropylester;n-Propyl n-heptanoate;N-PROPYL HEPTANOATE;PROPYL HEPTANOATE;FEMA 2948;PROPYL HEPTANOATE 98+%;PROPYLOENANTHATE
• CAS NO: 7778-87-2
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O₂
• Molecular Weight: 172.26
• EINECS: 231-917-6
• Mol File: 7778-87-2.mol
• Article Data: 3

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: −64 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 208 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 170 °F
• Appearance: Colorless liquid with grape fruity odor
• Density: 0.869 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Vapor Pressure: 0.233mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.417(lit.)
• CAS DataBase Reference: Propyl heptanoate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Propyl heptanoate(7778-87-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Propyl heptanoate(7778-87-2)

Safety Data

• WGK Germany: 3
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7778-87-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Propyl heptanoate is a synthetic flavoring agent characterized by its stable, colorless liquid form and a fruity odor. It is known for its strong, ether-like odor and a flavor reminiscent of grape. It is found in fresh apple and rum and is used to impart sweet, waxy, fruity notes with a slight green, grassy nuance to various products.

Uses

Used in Flavor Industry:
Propyl heptanoate is used as a flavoring agent for its characteristic fruity odor and taste, which adds a sweet, waxy, fruity pineapple, pear, apple, and citrus notes with a slight green, grassy nuance to products.
Used in Food and Beverage Industry:
Propyl heptanoate is used as an additive in the production of apple flavors and modified coffee. It is also utilized in the creation of beverages, ice cream, candy, and baked goods, where it contributes to the overall flavor profile at concentrations of 4–18 ppm.
Used in Fragrance Industry:
Due to its strong, ether-like odor, propyl heptanoate can be used as a component in the fragrance industry to create unique and appealing scents.
Storage:
Propyl heptanoate should be stored in glass, tin, or resin-lined containers to maintain its stability and quality.

Preparation

By treating heptanoic acid with propyl alcohol in the presence of mineral acids, or in benzene solution in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.

InChI:InChI=1/C10H20O2/c1-3-5-6-7-8-10(11)12-9-4-2/h3-9H2,1-2H3

Upstream product

• 71-23-8 propan-1-ol 
• 592-41-6 1-hexene 
• 201230-82-2 carbon monoxide 
• 18277-20-8 hexadeca-7,9-diyne 
• 629-05-0 n-octyne 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 16967-02-5 1-phenyl-1-octyne 
• 111-14-8 oenanthic acid 

Relevant articles and documents

Kinetics and mechanisms of homogeneous catalytic reactions. Part 12. Hydroalcoxycarbonylation of 1-hexene using palladium/triphenylphosphine systems as catalyst precursors

Systems prepared in situ by addition of n equivalents of triphenylphosphine to palladium dichloride in the presence of m equivalents of para-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA), PdCl2/nPPh3/mTSA (n and m varying between 2 and 10), were used as precatalysts for the olefin carbonylation (1-hexene, cyclohexene and styrene) with alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, n-PrOH and i-PrOH) to generate the corresponding esters (hydroalcoxycarbonylation), under mild reaction conditions. For 1-hexene carbonylation in presence of methanol (1-hexene hydromethoxycarbonylation), the most active system was PdCl2/6PPh3/5TSA at P(CO) = 50 atm and T = 125°C, which was also active for the hydromethoxycarbonylation of other olefins (1-hexene > styrene > cyclohexene). This system was regioselective towards the linear product for 1-hexene and towards the branched product for styrene. A kinetic study of 1-hexene hydromethoxycarbonylation catalyzed by PdCl2/6PPh3/5TSA showed that the initial reaction rate (ro) was first order on Pd and MeOH concentrations and fractional order with respect to CO concentration; for olefin concentration was found a saturation curve. These kinetic results, together with coordination chemistry and computational DFT studies, allow us to propose a catalytic cycle involving species of the type [Pd(H)(L)(PPh3)2]+n (L = Cl, n = 0; L = CO, MeOH, olefin and PPh3, n = 1) as the catalytically active species and three sequential reactions: (1) olefin insertion into the Pd-H bond to yield Pd-alkyl species, (2) CO insertion into the Pd-C bond to generate Pd-acyl intermediates, and (3) the methanolysis of Pd-acyl species to produce the corresponding methyl esters, regenerate the active species and restart the cycle; the last reaction is considered the rate-determining step (rds) of the mechanism.

Low pressure hydroformylation in the presence of alcohol promoters

Active carbon supported cobalt catalyst was studied for the hydroformylation of 1-hexene in the presence of alcohol solvents at low pressure. The influence of various solvents on the hydroformylation and the CO conversion vs time on stream were investigated in detail. It was found that the heterogeneous catalyst shows excellent activity only in the alcohol solvents.