7719-12-2

Basic information

• Product Name: Phosphorus trichloride
• Synonyms: phosphore(trichlorurede);phosphore(trichlorurede)(french);Phosphorous chloride;Phosphorous trichloride;phosphorouschloride;Phosphoroustrichloride;Phosphortrichlorid;Phosphorus chloride (cl6p2)
• CAS NO: 7719-12-2
• Molecular Formula: Cl₃P
• Molecular Weight: 137.33
• EINECS: 231-749-3
• Product Categories: Inorganics;Inorganic Chemicals;ChlorinationMicro/Nanoelectronics;C-X Bond Formation (Halogen);Electronic Chemicals;Others;Synthetic Reagents;Chlorination;metal halide
• Mol File: 7719-12-2.mol
• Article Data: 18

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -112 °C
• Boiling Point: 74-78 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 76°C
• Appearance: Yellow/Liquid
• Density: 1.574 g/mL at 25 °C
• Vapor Density: 4.75 (vs air)
• Vapor Pressure: 23.32 psi ( 55 °C)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.5148(lit.)
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Solubility: Soluble in benzene, carbon sulfide, ether, chloroform, carbon te
• Water Solubility: reacts
• Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
• Stability: Stable, but light sensitive. Incompatible with water, many metals, fluorine, acids, variety of organic materials including acids
• Merck: 14,7358
• BRN: 969177
• CAS DataBase Reference: Phosphorus trichloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Phosphorus trichloride(7719-12-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Phosphorus trichloride(7719-12-2)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T+,C
• Statements: 14-26/28-29-35-48/20-40-37
• Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-7/8-43-28
• RIDADR: UN 3390 6.1/PG 1
• WGK Germany: 2
• RTECS: TH3675000
• F: 21
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 6.1
• PackingGroup: I
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7719-12-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Phosphorus trichloride is utilized in a wide range of applications across different industries due to its unique chemical properties. Some of its primary uses include:
1. Chemical Synthesis:
Phosphorus trichloride is used as a chlorinating agent and an intermediate in the production of various chemicals. It is particularly important in the synthesis of organophosphate pesticides, gasoline additives, and dyestuffs.
2. Pesticides and Surfactants:
It serves as a crucial intermediate in the production of insecticides, herbicides, and organophosphorus pesticides, as well as in the manufacturing of synthetic surfactants.
3. Gasoline Additives:
Phosphorus trichloride is used in the production of additives for the gasoline industry, contributing to the enhancement of fuel performance and efficiency.
4. Dye and Textile Industry:
It is employed in the dye industry for the production of dyes and is also utilized as a catalyst in textile finishing processes.
5. Flame Retardants and Plasticizers:
Phosphorus trichloride is used in the creation of flame retardants and plasticizers, which are essential for improving the safety and flexibility of various materials.
6. Pharmaceutical and Germicide Production:
Phosphorus trichloride is also used in the manufacturing of certain medicinal products and germicides, highlighting its versatility in different chemical applications.
7. Metal Electrodeposition on Rubber:
It plays a role in the electrodeposition of metals on rubber, which is an important process in the production of rubber-based components with enhanced properties.
8. Catalyst in Chemical Reactions:
Due to its reactivity, phosphorus trichloride is often used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, facilitating the conversion of reactants to desired products.

Preparation

Phosphorus trichloride is prepared by reacting white phosphorus with dry chlorine present in limited quantity. Excess chlorine will yield phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5. P4 + 6Cl2 → 4PCl3 P4 + 10Cl2 → 4PCl5 The compound is prepared in a retort attached to inlet tubes for dry chlorine and dry carbon dioxide and a distillation flask. White phosphorus is placed on sand in the retort. All air, moisture, and any phosphorus oxide vapors present in the apparatus are expelled by passing dry carbon dioxide. Dry chlorine is then introduced into the apparatus. If a flame appears on phosphorus it indicates presence of excess chlorine. In that event, the rate of chlorine introduction should be decreased. For obtaining phosphorus trichloride, flame should appear at the end of the chlorine-entry tube. The trichloride formed is collected by condensation in the distillation flask. A soda lime tube is attached to the apparatus to prevent moisture entering the flask. Phosphorus trichloride also can be prepared by reducing phosphorus oxychloride vapors with carbon at red heat: POCl3 + C → PCl3 + CO

Production Methods

Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) is made by reacting yellow phosphorus with chlorine and is used in chemical manufacturing. It hydrolyzes to phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.

Reactivity Profile

Phosphorus trichloride is a strong reducing agent that may ignite combustible organic materials upon contact. May generate flammable and potentially explosive gaseous hydrogen upon contact with many common metals (except nickel and lead). Reactions with water are violent and produce heat and flashes of fire [AAR, 1999]. Gives intensely exothermic reactions with iodine monochloride [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:502. 1956]. Several laboratory explosions have been reported arising from mixtures with acetic acid, along with other acids, sulfuric acid and derivatives, carboxylic acids, etc. These have been ascribed to poor heat control allowing the formation of phosphine [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60:488. 1938]. Ignites when mixed with hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:290. 1946-47]. Causes an explosion on contact with nitric acid [Comp. Rend. 28:86]. Phosphorus trichloride is incompatible with many common oxidants such as: sodium peroxide, fluorine, chromyl chloride, iodine chloride, to name a few. Isopropanol can react with PCl3, forming toxic HCl gas. (Logsdon, John E., Richard A. Loke., "Isopropyl Alcohol." Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996.)

Hazard

Phosphorus trichloride is highly corrosive. Its vapors are an irritant to mucous membranes. Chronic exposure to its vapors can cause bronchitis. It reacts violently with water and explodes in contact with acetic and nitric acids, and several other substances (Patnaik. P. 1999. A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 2nd. Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons).

Health Hazard

Phosphorus trichloride is highly toxic; it may cause death or permanent injury. Contact is highly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and the material is an irritant through oral and inhalation exposure.

Fire Hazard

Phosphorus trichloride will react violently with water, producing heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. When heated to decomposition, Phosphorus trichloride emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides and phosphorus oxides. Phosphorus trichloride may ignite other combustible materials. Reacts violently with water. Reacts explosively with acetic acid, aluminum, chromyl chloride, diallylphosphite and allyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, fluorine, hydroxylamine, iodine monochloride, lead dioxide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, organic matter, potassium, and sodium. Avoid contact with water, steam, or acids. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion and inhalation. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes (at 2 ppm), and mucous membranes. Potentially explosive reaction with chlorobenzene + sodtum, hethyl sulfoxide, molten sodmm, chromyl chloride, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, oxygen (above 100℃), tetravinyl lead. Reacts with carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid) to form violently unstable products. Violent reaction or ignition with Al, chromium pentafluoride, dtallyl phosphite + allyl alcohol, F2, hexa fluoroisoprop ylideneaminolithium, hydroxylamine, iodine chloride, PbO2, HNO2, organic matter, potassium, selenium dioxide, sulfur acids (e.g., sulfuric acid, fluorosulfuric acid, oleum). Violent reaction with water evolves hydrogen chloride and diphosphane gas, that then ignite. Incompatible with metals or oxidants. Wdl react with water, steam, or acids to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes; can react with oxidzing materials. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. Used as a chlorinating agent, catalyst, and chemical intermedtate. Dangerous; when heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cland POx.

Shipping

UN1809 Phosphorous trichloride, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Zone B.

Purification Methods

Heat it under reflux to expel dissolved HCl, then distil it. It has been further purified by vacuum fractionation several times through a -45o trap into a receiver at -78o. [Forbes Inorg Synth II 145 1946.] HARMFUL VAPOURS.

Incompatibilities

Phosphorus trichloride is a strong reducing Violent reaction with water, producing heat and hydrochloric and phosphorous acids. Violent reaction with hydrides, alcohols, phenols and bases; water, when in contact with combustible organics; chemically active metals: sodium, potassium, aluminum; strong sulfuric or nitric acid. Attacks most metals except nickel and lead; may generate flammable hydrogen gas on contact with metals. Attacks plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Waste Disposal

Decompose with water, forming phosphoric and hydrochloric acids. The acids may then be neutralized and diluted slowly to solution of soda ash and slaked lime with stirring, then flush to sewer with large volumes of water.

InChI:InChI=1/3ClH.P/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3

Upstream product

• 827-16-7 1,3,5-trimethyltriazine-2,4,6-trione 
• 10026-13-8 phosphorus pentachloride 
• 644-97-3 Dichlorophenylphosphine 
• 108-98-5 thiophenol 
• 121-44-8 triethylamine 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 71-43-2 benzene 
• 39652-39-6 2,4-dichloro-1,3-diphenyl-cyclodiphosphazane 
• 44494-01-1 tetrachloroethylphosphorane 
• 1858-29-3 phosphorus dichloride isocyanate 
• 5382-00-3 Diphenyl phosphorochloridite 
• 1498-42-6 phosphorodichloridous acid ethyl ester 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 3426-89-9 phenyl phosphorodichloridite 

Downstream Products

• 15009-91-3 2-nitropyridine 
• 13382-54-2 2-chloro-6-phenyl-pyridine 
• 607-68-1 2,4-dichloroquinazoline 
• 1641-40-3 pyrocatechol phosphorochloridite 
• 4812-45-7 3-chloro-5-nitro-1H-indazole 
• 1131-17-5 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole 
• 41303-45-1 6,7-methylenedioxy-1-tetralone 
• 611-35-8 4-chloroquinoline 
• 611-36-9 quinolin-4-ol 
• 13954-38-6 tripiperidino-phosphine 
• 55150-54-4 1-chloro-3-phenylisoquinoline 
• 131366-56-8 4-amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline-5-one 
• 149217-19-6 2-chloro-1,4-diphenylpyrrole 
• 7623-05-4 dichloro-(2-chloroethoxy)-phosphine 

Relevant articles and documents

First experimental evidence for the elusive tetrahedral cations [EP3]+ (E = S, Se, Te) in the condensed phase

Condensed phase access to the unprecedented tetrahedral cations [EP3]+ (E = S, Se, Te) was achieved through the reaction of ECl3[WCA] with white phosphorus ([WCA]- = [Al(ORF)4]- and [F(Al(ORF)3)2]-; -RF = -C(CF3)3). Previously, [EP3]+ was only known from gas phase MS investigations. By contrast, the reaction of ECl3[A] with the known P33- synthon Na[Nb(ODipp)3(P3)] (enabling AsP3 synthesis), led to formation of P4. The cations [EP3]+ were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in combination with high-level quantum chemical calculations. Their bonding situation is described with several approaches including Atoms in Molecules and Natural Bond Orbital analysis. The first series of well-soluble salts ECl3[WCA] was synthesized and fully characterized as starting materials for the studies on this elusive class of [EP3]+ cations. Yet, with high [ECl3]+ fluoride ion affinity values between 775 (S), 803 (Se) and 844 (Te) kJ mol-1, well exceeding typical phosphenium ions, these well-soluble ECl3[WCA] salts could be relevant in view of the renewed interest in strong (also cationic) Lewis acids.

Reactions of P(III) chlorides with aldehydes: I. Synthesis of primary intermediates of the reactions of aliphatic aldehydes with P(III) chlorides possessing electrophilic properties

An approach to investigation of reactions of electrophilic P(III) chlorides with aliphatic aldehydes is developed. Its essence is the removal of HCl impurity from chloride and catalytic blocking of electrophilic center of the carbonyl group. For these pur

Silicate compounds for DNA purification

The present invention relates to a silicon-containing material which exhibits sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the material. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the silicon-containing material. Preferred silicon-containing materials of the present invention include boron silicate, aluminum silicate, phosphosilicate, silica carbonyl, silica sulfonyl and silica phosphonyl. The silicon-containing materials of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components. In these processes, a suspension of cellular components is placed in contact with the silicon-containing material, the silicon-containing material is washed to remove all cellular components other than DNA which are bound to the material, and the bound DNA is eluted from the material. Several of the silicon-containing materials are capable of binding and eluting DNA using only water.

UNTERSCHIEDLICHES VERHALTEN VON AROMATISCHEN PHOSPHITEN GEGENUEBER ACYLSULFENYLCHLORIDEN

The acylsulfenyl chlorides 1 or 2 react with acyclic and cyclic aromatic phosphites.The acyclic derivative 3 gives the corresponding thiophosphate 4 and the cyclic derivatives 5 give the corresponding phosphates 6.The different behaviour is discussed. Key words: Acylsulfenyl chlorides; aromatic phosphites; oxidation of P(III) compounds.

Process for obtaining bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) halophosphites

The invention relates to a process for obtaining phosphorus acid-bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) ester halides in which a phosphorus acid-2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl ester dihalide is heated in the presence of a catalyst containing nitrogen or phosphorus, or both, to 130° C. to 280° C. and the phosphorus trihalide produced by disproportionation is removed from the reaction mixture.

Reactivity of Sulphuryl Chloride in Acetonitrile with the Elements

Sulphuryl chloride in MeCN reacts with all but the most refractory elements to give mainly solvated chlorides at or below 300 K in contrast with SO2Cl2 alone which requires at least twice this temperature.There is evidence for an ionic mechanism based on analogy, thermochemistry, transport measurements and additive effects.The instability of these solutions leading to polymerization, together with its inhibition, is described.Sulphur dioxide formed in reactions seldom plays a reductive role apart from influencing formation of the mixed-valence Tl4Cl6.Semiquantitative kinetic measurements in different solvents emphasize the uniqueness of MeCN.For most elements attack is diffusion controlled across surface films giving a parabolic dependence on time which can be linearized if film growth is prevented by changing the solvent mix.The varied nature of these surface films vitiates any simple relation between rate and periodicity.Some applications are indicated.

2-Methyl-1-nitrilo-2-methyl -1-hydroxylamino-3-(methoxyphenyl) propane, organoleptic uses thereof and processes for preparing same

Described are 2-methyl-1-nitrilo- or 2-methyl-1-hydroxylamino-3-(methoxyphenyl) propanes defined according to the generic structure: STR1 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: (i) cyanide having the structure: STR2 (ii) hydroxylaminomethyl having the structure: uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including but not limited to bleach compositions, solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, perfumed polymers, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, cosmetic powders and hair preparations. Also described are processes for preparing such 2-methyl-1-nitrillo- or 2-methyl-1-hydroxylamino-3-(methoxyphenyl) propanes by means of reacting a methoxy benzyl halide with ethyl cyanide in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodamide.

Chemiluminescent reactions of group IV A atoms with PCl5 and SnCl4

Earlier work to chemiluminescent (CL) reaction of group IV A atoms with halogens has been extended to two chlorine-rich molecules PCl5 and SnCl4.The CL products in these reactions were found to be group IV A dihalides formed in a one step mechanism instead of the two step mechanism proposed in the study of the reactions involving Br2, I2, and ICl.For PCl5. the CL products were found to be group IV A dichlorides, while for SnCl4, the CL products are believed to be SnCl2 for all three atoms.The overall absolute cross sections for the reactions have been estimated, as well as the relative cross sections as functions of collisional energy.The observation of different collisional energy dependence for the reactions of PCl5 and SnCl4, along with other evidence, suggests that two different mechanisms produce the CL products in the two groups of reactions.

Preparation and spectroscopic characterization of difluorophosphorane, PH3F2. 31P NMR spectrum of protonated diphosphine, P2H5+

The preparation of difluorophosphorane, PH3F2, from the reaction of diphosphine and hydrogen fluoride is reinvestigated; it has been characterized by multinuclear (1H, 19F, 31P) NMR spectroscopy. Complete infrared and Raman low-temperature spectra of difluorophosphorane are reported. It reacts with alkali-metal fluorides to give phosphine and hexafluorophosphates(V). On the basis of 31P NMR spectroscopic results, a reaction mechanism for the formation of PH3F2 is proposed. The byproducts of the reaction were PH2F3, (PH)n, and P2H5+; the last was observed for the first time. In carbon disulfide solution, diphosphine neither reacts with hydrogen halides to yield protonated diphosphine nor interacts with hydrogen fluoride to form difluorophosphorane.

Process for making chlorophosphines and thiophosphinic acid chlorides, and 9-chloro-9-thioxo-9-phosphabicyclononanes

Chlorophosphines or thiophosphinic acid chlorides of the general formulae RPCl2, R2 PCl or R2 P(=S)Cl are made from feed materials selected from hydrogen-functional primary or secondary phosphines or secondary phosphine sulfides, where R stands for identical or different, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radicals having from 1-16 carbon atoms, aryl radicals, aralkyl radicals or alkylaryl radicals having from 6-9 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl radicals having from 5-10 carbon atoms. To this end, the feed materials are reacted with phosphorus pentachloride, or with chlorine gas in the presence of phosphorus trichloride at temperatures within the range -78° to +145° C. It is possible for two radicals R to be linked together by one or two substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chains having from 1-4 carbon atoms.