7646-85-7 Usage
Chemical Description
Zinc chloride is used as a catalyst in the dehydration process.
Chemical Description
Zinc chloride and aluminum chloride are catalysts used in some reactions.
Description
Zinc chloride is a white deliquescent salt that forms acidic solutions in water and polar organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and ether. It is a colorless liquid that is mildly corrosive to metals and can cause burns to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Anhydrous zinc chloride hydrolyzes with moisture to form hydrochloric acid and is highly soluble in water. It also forms complex ions with water, ammonia, and some organic solvents.
Uses
Used as a dehydrating and condensing agent in organic synthesis industry and as a catalyst for the production of vanillin, cyclamen aldehyde, anti-inflammatory painkillers, and cation exchange resin.
Used in electroplating other metals and as a flux for soldering.
Used as a wood preservative and in fireproofing timber.
Used as a deodorant in disinfecting fluids, in dental cements, and as an astringent and antiseptic in medicine.
Used in embalming and taxidermy fluids.
Used in the production of parchment paper, artificial silk, dyes, activated carbon, cold-water glues, and vulcanized fiber.
Used in petroleum oil refining, cement for metals and for facing stone, and as a mordant in printing and dyeing textiles.
Used as a solvent for polyacrylonitrile, a mordant, mercerizing agent, and sizing agent in the dyeing industry.
Used as an oil purifying agent and activating agent for activated carbon.
Used for impregnating wood to provide corrosion resistance and flame retardancy.
Used as a flame retardant for cardboard and cloth products.
Used in the production of blueprint paper, as a battery electrolyte, and as the raw material for the production of alcohol-resistant foam extinguishing agent and zinc cyanide.
Used in medicine and medicine production, as well as a dentin desensitizer.
Water solubility (g/100ml)
Water solubility Solubility in 100 ml of water at different temperatures 342g/0℃;353g/10℃;395g/20℃;437g/30℃;452g/40℃;488g/60℃;541g/80℃;614g/100℃
Preparation
Zinc chloride is prepared by the reaction of zinc oxide or zinc metal with dilute hydrochloric acid, followed by crystallization:
ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Air & Water Reactions
When dissolved in water, Zinc chloride is a strong acid. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 964]
Reactivity Profile
Acidic salts, such as ZINC CHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.
Hazard
Inhalation of zinc chloride fumes can injure lungs and respiratory tract. Dusts or fumes also cause dermatitis, boils, conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal tract upset (Lewis(Sr), R.J. 1996. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold). LD50 oral (rat): 350mg/kg LCLO (inhalation): 1.960 g/m3/10 min.
Health Hazard
Solid or water solution is astringent and can irritate the eyes. When ingested, can cause intoxication, severe irritation of stomach, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Health Hazard
Exposures to zinc chloride cause adverse health effects and poisoning. On contact with the skin, zinc chloride causes skin burns and ulcerations, redness, eyes develop pain and blurred vision, and any splashes from solutions may cause eye damage. It is extremely
destructive to the tissues of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. The
symptoms of toxicity include, but are not limited to, burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting, and irritation or corrosion to the gastrointestinal tract with abdominal pain. After repeated exposures of zinc
chloride through skin contact, occupational workers develop varying degrees of skin
problems, such as dermatitis and skin ulcerations. Repeated inhalation of zinc chloride
causes occupational asthma among workers
Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Human systemic effects by inhalation: pulm-
onary changes. An experimental teratogen.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data
reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes,
and mucous membranes, Exposure to ZnCl2
fumes or dusts can cause dermatitis, boils,
conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal tract upsets.
The fumes are highly toxic. Incompatible
with potassium. Mixtures of the powdered
chloride and powdered zinc are flammable.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of Cland ZnO. See also ZINC
COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES.
Potential Exposure
Zinc chloride is used in iron galvanizing;
as a wood preservative; for dry battery cells; as a soldering
flux; in textile finishing; in vulcanized fiber;
reclaiming rubber; in oil and gas well operations; oil refining;
manufacturing of parchment paper; in dyes; activated
carbon; in chemical synthesis; in adhesives; dentists’
cement; deodorants, disinfecting and embalming solutions;
and taxidermy. It is also produced by military screeningsmoke.
Shipping
UN2331 Zinc chloride, anhydrous, Hazard class: 8;
Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN1840 Zinc chloride, solution,
Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
Purification Methods
The anhydrous material can be sublimed under a stream of dry HCl, followed by heating to 400o in a stream of dry N2. It sublimes at high vacuum. Also purify it by refluxing (50g) in dioxane (400mL) with 5g zinc dust, filtering hot and cooling to precipitate ZnCl2. Crystallise it from dioxane and store it in a desiccator over P2O5. It has also been dried by refluxing in thionyl chloride. [Weberg et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 6242 1986.] Hygroscopic: minimal exposure to the atmosphere is necessary. [Wagenknecht & Juza Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1070 1965.]
Incompatibilities
Aqueous solutions are strongly acidic.
Incompatible with bases and potassium. Incompatible with
strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact
may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from
alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids,
epoxides. Corrosive to metals.
Waste Disposal
Dump in water; add soda ash
and stir, then neutralize and flush to sewer with water.
Alternatively, zinc chloride may be recovered from spent
catalysts and used in acrylic fiber spinning solutions.
Precautions
Exposures to zinc chloride are dangerous, corrosive, and cause burns to any area of contact. Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Affects the cardiovascular system.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7646-85-7 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,6,4 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7646-85:
(6*7)+(5*6)+(4*4)+(3*6)+(2*8)+(1*5)=127
127 % 10 = 7
So 7646-85-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/2ClH.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
7646-85-7Relevant articles and documents
DOUBLE GOLD(III)–ZINC(II) DI-ISO-BUTYLDITHIOCARBAMATO- CHLORIDO COMPLEXES OF THE COMPOSITION [Au(S2CNR2)2]2[Zn2Cl6] AND [Au(S2CNR2)2][Zn(S2CNR2)Cl2]: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION, 13C CP-MAS NMR, AND THERMAL BEHAVIOR
Rodina,Loseva,Ivanov
, p. 123 - 136 (2021/02/26)
Abstract: The interaction of zinc(II) di-iso-butyldithiocarbamate with [AuCl4]— anions in 2M HCl is studied. The result of chemisorption binding of gold(III) from a solution to the solid phase is the formation of double ionic complexes of the compositions [Au{S2CN(iso-C4H9)2}2]2[Zn2Cl6] (1) and [Au{S2CN(iso-C4H9)2}2][Zn{S2CN(iso-C4H9)2}Cl2] (2). The chemical identification of preparatively isolated crystalline compounds was performed by 13C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. According to single crystal X-ray diffraction data, structural units of complex 1 are a binuclear zinc anion and non-equivalent complex [Au{S2CN(iso-C4H9)2}2]+ cations: centrosymmetric A with the Au(1) atom and С – Au(3) and non-centrosymmetric В – Au(2). With the participation of secondary Cl?S bonds (3.2407?? and 3.2756??), В cations and anions form supramolecular ionic pairs. The structure of 2 in turn involves the centrosymmetric gold(III) cation whose counterion is a mixed-ligand dithiocarbamato-chlorido anion of zinc(II). Pairs of non-equivalent secondary Cl?S bonds (3.2337?? and 3.3151??) combine the ionic structural units of 2 into zigzag-like pseudo-polymeric chains along which the alternation of complex cations and anions is noted. Thermolysis of complexes in cationic and anionic parts is accompanied by the quantitative regeneration of bound gold along with the formation of ZnCl2 and ZnS.
The Tetrachloridoaurates(III) of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II)
Landvogt, Christian,Beck, Johannes
, p. 391 - 396 (2018/04/09)
The first salt-like compounds of dications with [AuCl4]– anions are reported. The compounds Zn[AuCl4]2·(AuCl3)1.115 (1) and Cd[AuCl4]2 (2) are obtained from reactions of MCl2 (M = Zn, Cd) and elemental gold in liquid chlorine at ambient temperature under autogenous pressure and subsequent annealing at 230 °C. The structure of 1 represents an incommensurately modulated composite [superspace group C2/c(α0γ)0s] built of two subsystems. The first subsystem contains chains of zinc(II) tetrachloridoaurate(III), which feature a slightly distorted octahedral coordination of Zn and can be described by the Niggli formula 1∞{Zn[AuCl4]1/1[AuCl4]2/2}. The second subsystem consists of Au2Cl6 molecules, which are located in channels built up by the first subsystem. The structural parameters of the hosted Au2Cl6 molecules show only small deviations from neat AuCl3. The crystal structure of Cd[AuCl4]2 (2) consists of chains built of Cd2+ ions coordinated by bridging [AuCl4]– anions and alternating Cd-Au sequence. Cd has a distorted octahedral coordination environment.
Facile synthesis and an effective doping method for ZnO:In3+ nanorods with improved optical properties
Nam, Giwoong,Kim, Byunggu,Leem, Jae-Young
, p. 1 - 7 (2015/09/01)
The sol-gel spin-coating method is usually used for thin-film deposition rather than to grow one-dimensional nanostructures. In this study, a novel regrowth method for spin-coated ZnO:In3+ films is demonstrated, using vapor-confined face-to-face annealing (VC-FTFA) in which a mica sheet is inserted between the two films prior to FTFA. ZnO:In3+ nanorods are regrown when indium chloride is used as the solvent because ZnCl2 and InCl3 vapors are generated and confined between the films. The near-band-edge emission intensity of the ZnO:In3+ nanorods resulting from VC-FTFA at 700 °C is enhanced by a factor of 17 compared with that of ZnO:In3+ films annealed in open air at the same temperature. Our method offers a simple and low-cost route for the fabrication of ZnO nanorods.
C:Corrosive;
