7452-79-1

Basic information

• Product Name: Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate
• Synonyms: ethyl-2-methylbutyrate(flammableliquids,n.o.s.);RARECHEM AL BI 0133;2-METHYLBUTYRIC ACID ETHYL ESTER;ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTANOATE;ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE;ETHYL DL-2-METHYLBUTYRATE;FEMA 2443;DL-2-METHYLBUTYRIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
• CAS NO: 7452-79-1
• Molecular Formula: C₇H₁₄O₂
• Molecular Weight: 130.18
• EINECS: 231-225-4
• Product Categories: Pharmaceutical Intermediates;Organics;C6 to C7;Carbonyl Compounds;Esters;Alphabetical Listings;E-F;Flavors and Fragrances;Certified Natural ProductsFlavors and Fragrances;Building Blocks;C6 to C7;Carbonyl Compounds;Chemical Synthesis;Organic Building Blocks
• Mol File: 7452-79-1.mol
• Article Data: 13

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -93.23°C (estimate)
• Boiling Point: 133 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 79 °F
• Appearance: Clear colorless/Liquid
• Density: 0.865 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Vapor Pressure: 7.85mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.397(lit.)
• Storage Temp.: Flammables area
• Water Solubility: 600mg/L at 20℃
• BRN: 1720887
• CAS DataBase Reference: Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate(7452-79-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate(7452-79-1)

Safety Data

• Statements: 10
• Safety Statements: 16-24/25
• RIDADR: UN 3272 3/PG 3
• WGK Germany: 1
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 3
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7452-79-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate is a colorless oily liquid with a fruity odor, reminiscent of apples, and is a naturally occurring ester found in various fruits, beverages, and dairy products. It is insoluble in water, less dense than water, and has a flash point of 73°F. Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate is known for its pleasant sweet aroma and is used as a valuable flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry, as well as in perfume and fragrance products.

Uses

Used in Flavor and Fragrance Industry:
Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate is used as a flavoring agent for its powerful, green-fruity, apple-like odor. It is commonly used in fruit flavor compositions due to its natural occurrence in various fruits such as apple, orange, and strawberry.
Used in Food and Beverage Industry:
Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate is used as an additive in the food and beverage industry to enhance the fruity and green notes in products, contributing to a more appealing taste and aroma.
Used in Perfume and Perfumed Products:
Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate is used as a fragrance component in perfume and perfumed products, adding a fresh and fruity scent to the final product.
Used in Research and Development:
Due to its natural occurrence and unique properties, Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate is also used in research and development for studying its chemical properties and potential applications in various industries.

References

Dimick, Paul S., Jonathan C. Hoskin, and Terry E. Acree. "Review of apple flavor—State of the art?." Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition 18.4 (1983): 387-409. Konczal, J. B., et al. "Apple juice flavor compound sorption by sealant films."Journal of food science 57.4 (1992): 967-970. Djojoputro, Hiannie, and Suryadi Ismadji. "Density and viscosity of binary mixtures of ethyl-2-methylbutyrate and ethyl hexanoate with methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol at (293.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 50.4 (2005): 1343-1347.

Preparation

The racemic form can be prepared catalytically by several methods: from butene and Ni(CO)4 under nitrogen in ethyl alcohol/acetic acid solution, or from ethylene and CO under pressure using HBF4 and HF as catalysts.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

ETHYL-2-METHYL BUTYRATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

Health Hazard

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

InChI:InChI=1/C7H14O2/c1-4-6(3)7(8)9-5-2/h6H,4-5H2,1-3H3/t6-/m1/s1

Synthetic route

Ethyl tiglate (5837-78-5) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
With 10% Pd/C; hydrogen In methanol under 1500.15 Torr; Inert atmosphere;	100%
With methanol; sodium tetrahydroborate; meso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 30℃; for 2h;

ethyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
With C40H56N2RuSi4; hydrogen In toluene at 25℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 6h; Schlenk technique;	99%
With ethanol; (BQ‑NCOP)IrHCl; sodium t-butanolate at 60℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; chemoselective reaction;	> 99 %Chromat.

ethyl α-methyl-γ-(vinylsulfonyl)butyrate (119770-04-6) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium amalgam In tetrahydrofuran; water for 10h; Ambient temperature;	60%

2-Methylbutanoic acid (116-53-0, 600-07-7) + ethanol (64-17-5) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; toluene unter Entfernen des entstehenden Wassers;
With sulfuric acid at 80℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity;

(+/-)-ethyl ethylmethylmalonate (80163-58-2) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
at 170℃;

(+)-ethyl ethylmethylmalonate (42274-17-9, 80163-58-2, 80226-12-6, 103302-97-2) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
at 170℃;

ethanol (64-17-5) + isopentanoyl chloride (108-12-3) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

2-Chlor-2-methyl-butin-(3)-saeure-aethylester (20521-48-6) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol

ethyl (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoate (16509-44-7) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydrogen telluride In ethanol for 2h; Ambient temperature;	9 % Spectr.
With sodium hydrogen telluride In ethanol for 2h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; other reagent;	9 % Spectr.

ethyl (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoate (16509-44-7) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + Ethyl tiglate (5837-78-5) + ethyl 2-methylenebutyrate (3070-65-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Product distribution; the formed intermediates are separated with gas chromatography and detected with 1H-NMR-spectroscopy after several times;	A 47.9 % Chromat. B 50.7 % Chromat. C 0.2 % Chromat.

Ethyl tiglate (5837-78-5) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + ethyl (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoate (16509-44-7) + ethyl 2-methylenebutyrate (3070-65-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Product distribution; the formed intermediates are separated with gas chromatography and detected with 1H-NMR-spectroscopy after several times;	A 42.7 % Chromat. B 1.27 % Chromat. C 0.4 % Chromat.

Ethyl tiglate (5837-78-5) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + Ethyl 2-methyl<α-(2)H>butyrate

Conditions	Yield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; d(4)-methanol; meso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 30℃; for 1h;

ethyl 2-methylenebutyrate (3070-65-3) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + ethyl (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoate (16509-44-7) + Ethyl tiglate (5837-78-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Product distribution; the formed intermediates are separated with gas chromatography and detected with 1H-NMR-spectroscopy after several times;	A 48.7 % Chromat. B 1.1 % Chromat. C 49.7 % Chromat.

ethyl cyclobutylcarboxylate (14924-53-9) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + ethyl n-valerate (539-82-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal at 150℃; under 147102 Torr; Product distribution; the formed products are detected with gas chromatography;	A 0.7 % Chromat. B 0.3 % Chromat.

1-methylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (71441-76-4) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + 2,2-dimethyl-propanoic acid ethyl ester (3938-95-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol at 100℃; under 117681 Torr; for 48h; Product distribution; the formed products are detected with gas chromatography;	A 72 % Chromat. B 28 % Chromat.

2-Methylcyclopropancarbonsaeureethylester (20913-25-1) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + Ethyl isovalerate (108-64-5) + ethyl n-valerate (539-82-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal at 100℃; under 110326 Torr; for 1.2h; Product distribution; the formed products are detected with gas chromatography;	A 2 % Chromat. B 25 % Chromat. C 12 % Chromat.

Bicyclo<1.1.0>butan-1-carbonsaeure-ethylester (29820-55-1) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + ethyl (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoate (16509-44-7) + Ethyl tiglate (5837-78-5) + ethyl 2-methylenebutyrate (3070-65-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.133333h; Product distribution; the formed intermediates are separated with gas chromatography and detected with 1H-NMR-spectroscopy after several times;	A 21 % Chromat. B 5 % Chromat. C 32 % Chromat. D 19 % Chromat.

Bicyclo<1.1.0>butan-1-carbonsaeure-ethylester (29820-55-1) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + ethyl n-valerate (539-82-2) + ethyl cyclobutylcarboxylate (14924-53-9) + 1-methylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (71441-76-4)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.416667h; Product distribution; the formed products are detected with gas chromatography;	A 99.1 % Chromat. B 0.2 % Chromat. C 0.4 % Chromat. D 0.3 % Chromat.

exo-Bicyclo<1.1.0>butan-2-carbonsaeure-ethylester (29820-54-0) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + ethyl n-valerate (539-82-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.416667h; Product distribution; the formed products are detected with gas chromatography;	A 95 % Chromat. B 5 % Chromat.

trans-2-Methylcyclopropancarbonsaeureethylester (16764-71-9, 20913-25-1, 56711-68-3, 56711-69-4, 71666-07-4) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + Ethyl isovalerate (108-64-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal at 100℃; under 110326 Torr; for 72h; Product distribution; the formed products are detected with gas chromatography;	A 15 % Chromat. B 85 % Chromat.

2,2,6-trimethyl-2-sila-3-octyn-5-one → 2-Methylbutanoic acid (116-53-0, 600-07-7) + (+)-S-3-sec-butylisoxazole (21024-17-9) + ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + 3-((R)-sec-Butyl)-isoxazole

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; sodium carbonate In ethanol for 15h; Product distribution; Heating; reaction at var. pH, racemization;

(2S,3R)-2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phenyl-butyric acid ethyl ester → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + acetophenone (98-86-2)

Conditions	Yield
In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 170℃; Rate constant;

(2R,3R)-2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phenyl-butyric acid ethyl ester → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + acetophenone (98-86-2)

Conditions	Yield
In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 170℃; Rate constant;

ethyl diethyl malonate (133-13-1) + BaO + copper chromite → (+/-)-2-methyl-1-butanol (137-32-6) + ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
at 250℃; unter Druck je nach den Bedingungen.Hydrogenation;

ethyl diethyl malonate (133-13-1) + BaO + copper chromite → methanol (67-56-1) + (+/-)-2-methyl-1-butanol (137-32-6) + ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3)

Conditions	Yield
at 250℃; unter Druck je nach den Bedingungen.Hydrogenation;

1-butylene (106-98-9) + ethanol (64-17-5) + acetic acid (64-19-7) + Ni(CO)4 → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + ethyl n-valerate (539-82-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 160 - 170℃;
at 160 - 170℃;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + 5-methyl-heptane-2,4-dione (40568-43-2) → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + acetone (67-64-1) + 3-methyl-pentan-2-one (565-61-7, 55156-16-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 60℃;

chloroformic acid ethyl ester (541-41-3) + (+-)-sec-butyl magnesium bromide → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

2-methyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid, ethyl ester (857781-27-2) + Al2O3 → ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1)

Conditions	Yield
at 315℃;

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + 2,6-xylyllithium (63509-96-6) → 1-(2,6-Dimethyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-pentane-1,2-dione (91873-92-6) + m-xylene (108-38-3)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; Dimethyl ether at -135℃;	A 84% B 13%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + 2,6-xylyllithium (63509-96-6) → 1-(2,6-Dimethyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-pentane-1,2-dione (91873-92-6)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; pentane at -135 - 25℃;	84%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + Phenylselenyl bromide (34837-55-3) → ethyl 2-methyl-2-phenylselanylbutanoate (308335-56-0)

Conditions	Yield
With n-butyllithium; diisopropylamine In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.25h; selenenylation;	72%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + (S)-N-acetyl-L-aspartic anhydride (41148-79-2) → (S)-5-carboxymethyl-3-ethyl-3-methyltetramic acid (1233390-42-5)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethyl 2-methylbutyrate With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; ethylbenzene at -78℃; for 0.75h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: (S)-N-acetyl-L-aspartic anhydride In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; ethylbenzene at -78 - 20℃; for 3.16667h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %de; stereoselective reaction;	70%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + 1-(3-bromopropyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole (83756-21-2) → 3-ethyl-3-methylpiperidin-2-one

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethyl 2-methylbutyrate With n-butyllithium; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -60 - -50℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 1-(3-bromopropyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -50 - 20℃; for 2h; Stage #3: With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; potassium hydroxide In ethanol; water Reflux; Inert atmosphere;	69%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + formic acid ethyl ester (109-94-4) → ethyl-2-formyl-2-methylbutanoate (188026-75-7)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethyl 2-methylbutyrate With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: formic acid ethyl ester In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 25℃; for 2.5h; Inert atmosphere;	58%
With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃;

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + 2-bromonaphthalene (580-13-2) → ethyl α-methyl-α-(naphthalen-2-yl)butyrate

Conditions	Yield
With palladium diacetate; lithium hexamethyldisilazane; 2-N,N-(dimethylamino)-2'-di-tert-butylphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyl In toluene at 40℃; for 17h;	54%

1-benzyl-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (6096-36-2) + ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) → 1-benzyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-enyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole

Conditions	Yield
With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane 1.) -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) 20 deg C, overnight;	51%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + para-bromotoluene (106-38-7) → ethyl α-methyl-α-(4-methylphenyl)butyrate

Conditions	Yield
With palladium diacetate; lithium hexamethyldisilazane; 2-N,N-(dimethylamino)-2'-di-tert-butylphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyl In toluene at 80℃; for 0.5h;	48%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) → 2-bromo-2-ethyl-2-methyl acetic acid ethyl ester (5398-71-0)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethyl 2-methylbutyrate With bromine; phosphorus tribromide at 75℃; Stage #2: With ethanol for 1h; Reflux;	33%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + 1-(imino(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)guanidine dihydrochloride → 4-sec-butyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine

Conditions	Yield
With sodium methylate at 70℃; Microwave irradiation;	17%

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) → (+/-)-2-methyl-1-butanol (137-32-6)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride; diethyl ether
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 6h;

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) → 5-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-octan-4-one (62759-47-1)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; sodium

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) → ethyl α-methyl-α-ethylvalerate (81923-96-8)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; triphenylmethyl sodium Einw. von Propyljodid auf das Reaktionsprodukt;

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) → diethyl 2-ethyl-2-methyl-3-oxobutanedioate (855843-36-6)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; triphenylmethyl sodium Anschliessend Behandeln mit Oxalsaeure-diaethylester.;

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + triphenylmethyl sodium (4303-71-3) → 2-benzyl-2-methyl-butyric acid ethyl ester

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether anschliessendes Behandeln mit Benzylbromid;

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) → 2-benzoyl-2-methyl-butyric acid ethyl ester (25491-44-5)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; triphenylmethyl sodium anschliessend Behandeln mit Benzoylchlorid;

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) → 2-methyl-2-[2]pyridyl-butyric acid ethyl ester (20092-99-3)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; triphenylmethyl sodium Erhitzen des Reaktionsgemisches mit 2-Brom-pyridin in Decalin auf 180grad; (+-)-2-methyl-2-<2>pyridyl-butyric acid ethyl ester;

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + 1-iodo-propane (107-08-4) → ethyl α-methyl-α-ethylvalerate (81923-96-8)

Conditions	Yield
With 1,4-dioxane; sodium hydride
With sodium hydride In 1,4-dioxane

ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (7452-79-1) + isopentanoyl chloride (108-12-3) → 2-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-hexanoic acid ethyl ester

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; triphenylmethyl sodium

Upstream product

• 116-53-0 2-Methylbutanoic acid 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 80163-58-2 (+/-)-ethyl ethylmethylmalonate 
• 42274-17-9 (+)-ethyl ethylmethylmalonate 
• 108-12-3 isopentanoyl chloride 
• 20521-48-6 2-Chlor-2-methyl-butin-⁽³⁾-saeure-aethylester 
• 16509-44-7 ethyl (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoate 
• 5837-78-5 Ethyl tiglate 
• 3070-65-3 ethyl 2-methylenebutyrate 
• 14924-53-9 ethyl cyclobutylcarboxylate 
• 29820-54-0 exo-Bicyclo<1.1.0>butan-2-carbonsaeure-ethylester 
• 16764-71-9 trans-2-Methylcyclopropancarbonsaeureethylester 
• 119770-04-6 ethyl α-methyl-γ-(vinylsulfonyl)butyrate 
• 133-13-1 ethyl diethyl malonate 

Downstream Products

• 91873-92-6 1-(2,6-Dimethyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-pentane-1,2-dione 
• 108-38-3 m-xylene 
• 113742-61-3 3-Ethyl-4-eth-(Z)-ylidene-1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-azetidin-2-one 
• 142797-98-6 (R)-(-)-N-benzyl-2-methylbutyramide 
• 142797-97-5 (2S)-2-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)-butanamide 
• 308335-56-0 ethyl 2-methyl-2-phenylselanylbutanoate 
• 87539-07-9 4-ethyl-4-methyl-3-oxohexanenitrile 
• 113386-87-1 3-Ethyl-1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-4-thioxo-azetidin-2-one 
• 5343-52-2 2-methyl-2-ethylpentanoic acid 
• 1185-29-1 2-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid 
• 116-53-0 2-Methylbutanoic acid 
• 19910-11-3 2-methylperbutyric acid 
• 1220111-43-2 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylhexane-1,3-dione 
• 10422-35-2 1-bromo-2-methyl-butane 

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A neutral or cationic mononuclear ruthenium divalent complex represented by formula (1) can actualize exceptional catalytic activity in at least one reaction among a hydrosilylation reaction, hydrogenation reaction, and carbonyl compound reduction reaction. (In the formula, R1-R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, organooxy group, monoorganoamino group, diorganoamino group, monoorganophosphino group, diorganophosphino group, monoorganosilyl group, diorganosilyl group, triorganosilyl group, or organothio group optionally substituted by X; at least one pair comprising any of R1-R3 and any of R4-R6 together represents a crosslinkable substituent; X represents a halogen atom, organooxy group, monoorganoamino group, diorganoamino group, or organothio group; L each independently represent a two-electron ligand other than CO and thiourea ligands; two L may bond to each other; and m represents an integer of 3 or 4.)

Hepta-, hexa-, penta-, tetra-, and trisaccharide resin glycosides from three species of Ipomoea and their antiproliferative activity on two glioma cell lines

Six new partially acylated resin glycosides were isolated from convolvulin of Ipomoea purga, Ipomoea stans, and Ipomoea murucoides (Convolvulaceae). The structures of compounds 1–6 were elucidated by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The structure of jalapinoside B (1) consists of a hexasaccharide core bonded to an 11-hydroxytetradecanoic (convolvulinic) acid forming a macrolactone acylated by a 2-methylbutanoyl, a 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl, and a quamoclinic acid B units. Purginoic acid A (2) contains a hexasaccharide core bonded to a convolvulinic acid acylated by a 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl unit. Stansin A (4) is an ester-type heterodimer, and consists of two stansoic acid A (3) units, acylated by 2-methylbutanoic and 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acids. The site of lactonization was located at C-3 of Rhamnose, and the position for the ester linkage of the monomeric unit B on the macrolactone unit A was established as C-4 of the terminal rhamnose. Compounds 5 and 6 are glycosidic acids. Murucinic acid II (5) is composed of a pentasaccharide core bonded to an 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic (jalapinolic) acid, acylated by an acetyl unit. Stansinic acid I (6) is a tetrasaccharide core bonded to a jalapinolic acid, acylated by 2-methylbutanoyl and 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl units. Preliminary testing showed the cytotoxicity of compounds 1–6 toward OVCAR and UISO-SQC-1 cancer cell lines. In addition, compound 1 showed an antiproliferative activity on glioma C6 and RG2 tumor cell lines. Copyright