61516-73-2Relevant articles and documents
Silica gel and microwave-promoted synthesis of dihydropyrrolizines and tetrahydroindolizines from enaminones
De Koning, Charles B.,Klintworth, Robin,Michael, Joseph P.,Morgans, Garreth L.,Scalzullo, Stefania M.,Van Otterlo, Willem A. L.0000-0002-3300-6463
supporting information, p. 2543 - 2552 (2021/11/30)
A wide range of N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)enaminones, prepared by the Eschenmoser sulfide contraction between N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl) pyrrolidine-2-thione and various bromomethyl aryl and heteroaryl ketones, underwent cyclization in the presence of silica gel to give ethyl 6-(hetero)aryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carboxylates within minutes upon microwave heating in xylene at 150 °C. Instead of functioning as a nucleophile, the enaminone acted as an electrophile at its carbonyl group during the cyclization. Yields of the bicyclic products were generally above 75%. The analogous microwave-assisted reaction to produce ethyl 2-aryl- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine-3-carboxylates from (E)-ethyl 2-[2-(2-oxo-2-arylethylidene)piperidin-1-yl]acetates failed in nonpolar solvents, but occurred in ethanol at lower temperature and microwave power, although requiring much longer time. A possible mechanism for the cyclization is presented, and further functionalization of the newly created pyrrole ring in the dihydropyrrolizine core is described.
Ugi Four-Center Three-Component Reaction as a Direct Approach to Racetams
Cioc, R?zvan C.,Schaepkens van Riempst, Lola,Schuckman, Peter,Ruijter, Eelco,Orru, Romano V. A.
, p. 1664 - 1674 (2017/03/21)
We report the synthesis of racetams, a diverse class of small molecule drugs, by means of the Ugi four-center three-component reaction (U4C-3CR). For the first time, γ-aminobutyric acid is employed as bifunctional input in the Ugi reaction. This protocol is simple, general, and allows one-pot access to a range of drugs and bioactive small molecules.
Structure dependence in the solvolysis kinetics of amino acid esters
Haseltine, John,Runyon, Jason W.
experimental part, p. 3280 - 3283 (2010/07/18)
To better understand acyl transfer reactions of oligopeptides, seventeen N-acyl amino acid esters were solvolyzed in mildly basic methanol-d4. All show pseudo-first-order kinetics by 1H NMR. The rate constant varies up to 400-fold with the identity of the amino acid and up to 6200-fold with the identity of the N-acyl group. The impact of the N-acyl group on the rate constant is discussed in terms of crowding, amide conformation, and amide C{double bond, long}O bond character.