575489-38-2Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of symmetrical 1,5-bisacyloxyanthraquinone derivatives and their dual activity of cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation
Huanga, Hsu-Shan,Chiu, Hui-Fen,Chiou, Jeng-Fong,Yeh, Pen-Fong,Tao, Chi-Wei,Jeng, Wei-Ren
, p. 481 - 486 (2002)
Symmetrical bis-substituted anthraquinones were successfully prepared and demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against the growth of suspended murine and human tumors, i.e. rat glioma C6 cells and human hepatoma G2 cells. We report here a convenient synthetic pathway that leads to symmetrically substituted 1,5-bisacyloxyanthraquinone derivatives. Acylation of the hydroxyl group of 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone with the appropriate acyl chlorides in the presence of pyridine or sodium hydride, respectively, furnished this structural class of anthraquinones. The bis(butyryloxy) analog 2 b, bis(2-chlorobenzoyl) analog 2 f, and bisphenylpropionyloxy analog 2 n exhibit potent cytotoxicity in inhibition of human hep G2 cell growth in culture, as determined by using XTT colorimetric assay, while their antiproliferative activity is markedly enhanced and is comparable to that of the anticancer agent mitoxantrone. In addition, redox properties of the compounds for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in model membranes were determined. Compounds 2n also exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid, (+)-α-tocopherol, and anthrarufin. Biological evaluation and SAR studies of these symmetrical anthraquinones have been performed and the results are discussed.
Activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression by some new symmetrical bis-substituted derivatives of the anthraquinone
Huang, Hsu-Shan,Chiou, Jeng-Fong,Fong, Yaou,Hou, Ching-Cheng,Lu, Yu-Cheng,Wang, Jen-Yi,Shih, Jing-Wen,Pan, Yen-Ru,Lin, Jing-Jer
, p. 3300 - 3307 (2007/10/03)
As a part of our program aimed at exploring the biological activity of symmetrical substitution of side chains into the anthracene-9,10-dione chromophore, we have synthesized a series of 1,5-bisthioanthraquinones 2 and 1,5-bisacyloxyanthraquinones 3 that are related to the antitumor agent mitoxantrone. Since the telomerase enzyme is a novel target for potential anticancer therapy and stem cell expansion, we explore the biological effects of these compounds by evaluating their effects on telomerase activity and telomerase expression. Telomerase is required for telomere maintenance and is active in most human cancers and in germinal cells but not in most of the normal human somatic tissues. We found that most of the 1,5-disubstituted anthraquinones did not exhibit inhibitory activity at the concentration ranging from 20 to 30 μM. To facilitate the analysis of the expression of telomerase, we used cancer and normal cell lines that carry secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) gene under the control of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The effects of these compounds on the expression of telomerease were analyzed using the cell-based reporter systems. While most of these compounds did not appear to selectively repress the expression of hTERT in cancer cells, compounds 3a, 3d, and 3i activated hTERT expression in normal cells. The effects of these three compounds on hTERT expression appear to be specific because they did not increase the expression of a CMV promoter-driven SEAP. Thus, in addition to anticancer functions, our finding raises the possibility that these compounds might also have a role in cell immortilization. The application of these anthraquinone derivatives in stem cell research and tissue engineering is also discussed.
