4546-20-7Relevant articles and documents
α-Effect Menschutkin alkylations
Fountain,Hutchinson,Mulhearn,Yu Bo Xu
, p. 7883 - 7890 (1993)
The Menschutkin-type alkylation of substituted N-methylanilines with methyl arenesulfonates is compared to the same reaction with substituted N- phenylhydroxylamines. The α-effects are small but measurable. The Hammett ρ parameters are not useful in this reaction series as an index of transition- state character. The use of β(1g)(Me) parameters along with β(nuc) values allows the transition states to be placed on the energy surface. The pattern is that the α-nucleophiles form tighter transition states than the normal nucleophiles. The size of the α-effect is related to the ionization potentials (IPs) computed by the AM1 Hamiltonian for a wide variety of reactions showing the α-effect. The larger α-effects depend more greatly on the IP.
Light-Promoted C–N Coupling of Aryl Halides with Nitroarenes
Li, Gang,Yang, Liu,Liu, Jian-Jun,Zhang, Wei,Cao, Rui,Wang, Chao,Zhang, Zunting,Xiao, Jianliang,Xue, Dong
supporting information, p. 5230 - 5234 (2021/02/05)
A photochemical C–N coupling of aryl halides with nitroarenes is demonstrated for the first time. Catalyzed by a NiII complex in the absence of any external photosensitizer, readily available nitroarenes undergo coupling with a variety of aryl halides, providing a step-economic extension to the widely used Buchwald–Hartwig C–N coupling reaction. The method tolerates coupling partners with steric-congestion and functional groups sensitive to bases and nucleophiles. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via the addition of an aryl radical, generated from a NiI/NiIII cycle, to a nitrosoarene intermediate.
Selective Photoinduced Reduction of Nitroarenes to N-Arylhydroxylamines
Kallitsakis, Michael G.,Ioannou, Dimitris I.,Terzidis, Michael A.,Kostakis, George E.,Lykakis, Ioannis N.
supporting information, p. 4339 - 4343 (2020/06/08)
We report the selective photoinduced reduction of nitroarenes to N-arylhydroxylamines. The present methodology facilitates this transformation in the absence of catalyst or additives and uses only light and methylhydrazine. This noncatalytic photoinduced transformation proceeds with a broad scope, excellent functional-group tolerance, and high yields. The potential of this protocol reflects on the selective and straightforward conversion of two general antibiotics, azomycin and chloramphenicol, to the bioactive hydroxylamine species.