287-23-0 Usage
Description
Cyclobutane is a colorless, flammable, and explosive gas that condenses to a liquid at 55°F with a density of 0.7 g/cm3. It is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, acetone, and ether. Due to its chemical properties, containers may rupture violently and rocket under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat.
Uses
Used in Chemical Industry:
Cyclobutane is used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of various organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Its reactivity and ability to form multiple bonds make it a valuable component in the production of complex molecules.
Used in Petroleum Industry:
Cyclobutane is used as a component in the production of high-octane gasoline, which is essential for improving the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines. Its presence in gasoline formulations helps to reduce engine knocking and increase power output.
Used in Polymer Industry:
Cyclobutane is used as a monomer in the production of polymers, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polycyclobutane. These polymers have unique properties, including high melting points, excellent chemical resistance, and good mechanical strength, making them suitable for various applications, including automotive, electronics, and packaging industries.
Used in Propellant Industry:
Due to its high energy content and explosive properties, Cyclobutane is used as a propellant in various applications, such as rocketry, fireworks, and military ordnance. Its ability to release a large amount of energy upon ignition makes it an effective propellant for these purposes.
Used in Research and Development:
Cyclobutane is used as a research compound in the development of new chemical processes, materials, and technologies. Its unique properties and reactivity make it an interesting subject for scientific investigation and potential applications in various fields.
Production Methods
Cyclobutane is produced from cyclobutene and reutilized in
catalytic cracking processes.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
CYCLOBUTANE may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted material and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents.
Health Hazard
Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Fire Hazard
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Methane (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Purification Methods
This easily liquefiable gas is dried over Na at melting ice temperature for 4days and distilled at low temperature through a Podbielniak (p 10) precision still. A dry sample has been prepared by passage through P2O5 and distilled repeatedly until all fractions had similar vapour pressures at 0o. [Cansson & Wat J Org Chem 14 31 1949, Heisig J Am Chem Soc 63 1698 1941, Stodola & Heisig Org Synth Coll Vol III 213 1955.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 287-23-0 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 2,8 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 287-23:
(5*2)+(4*8)+(3*7)+(2*2)+(1*3)=70
70 % 10 = 0
So 287-23-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C4H8/c1-2-4-3-1/h1-4H2
287-23-0Relevant articles and documents
Garst et al.
, p. 5761 (1970)
Quick et al.
, p. 61,63, 64, 66 (1972)
Richardson,Simons
, p. 1062,1064, 1067 (1978)
-
Rifi
, p. 1043 (1969)
-
Palladium-Catalyzed, Norbornene-Mediated, ortho-Amination ipso-Amidation: Sequential C-N Bond Formation
Whyte, Andrew,Olson, Maxwell E.,Lautens, Mark
supporting information, p. 345 - 348 (2018/01/27)
A palladium-catalyzed, norbornene-mediated ortho- and ipso-C-N bond-forming Catellani reaction is reported. This reaction proceeds through a sequential intermolecular amination followed by intramolecular cyclization of a tethered amide. The products, ortho-aminated dihydroquinolinones, were generated in moderate to good yields and are present in bioactive molecules. This work highlights the challenge of competing intra- vs intermolecular palladium-catalyzed processes.
Accuracy of calculations of heats of reduction/hydrogenation: Application to some small ring systems
Wiberg, Kenneth B.
, p. 10393 - 10398 (2013/01/15)
The enthalpies of reduction of carbonyl compounds and hydrogenation of alkenes have been calculated at the HF, B3LYP, M06, MP2, G3, G4, CBS-QB3, CBS-APNO, and W1BD levels and, in the case of the first four methods, using a variety of basis sets up to aug-cc-pVTZ. The results are compared with the available experimental data, and it is found that the compound methods are generally more satisfactory than the others. Large basis sets are usually needed in order to reproduce experiments. Some C-C bond hydrogenolysis reactions also have been examined including those of bicycloalkanes and propellanes. In addition, the dimerization of the remarkably strained bicyclo[2.2.0]hex(1,4)ene was studied. The reaction forming a pentacyclic propellane was calculated to have ΔH = -57 kcal/mol, and the cleavage of the propellane to give a diene had ΔH = -71 kcal/mol. The strain energies of these compounds were estimated.
