2814-20-2Relevant articles and documents
Ultra-fast catalytic detoxification of organophosphates by nano-zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
Ebrahimi, Arash,Mohammadsalehi, Maedeh,Nassireslami, Ehsan,Zibaseresht, Ramin
, (2020/04/29)
Detrimental and injurious impacts of Organophosphates that have had on environment, humans, organisms and the other animals or plants have not been surreptitious to anyone worldwide. Nevertheless, up to now, among many efforts that have been devoted to detoxification of Organophosphates (OPs), catalytic detoxification has been the most applicable, cost-effective, efficacious and safest way to break down these dangerous materials. Herein, the utilization of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), for the first time, has been reported to deactivate Diazinon as an organophosphate agent demonstrated at room temperature. In the following research, the catalysts were analyzed by PXRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, BET, CO2 adsorption/desorption and TG. The decontamination processes were followed by 31P NMR, HPLC, and UV–vis to evaluate catalytic efficiency. Interestingly, supreme reusability, durability and potentially stunning catalytic activity represent them as alternate materials for their amazing elimination of OPs compared to the other MOFs.
SUPPORTED MOLYBDENUM PEROXO COMPLEXES FOR TRANSFORMING ORGANO PHOSPHATE NEUROTOXINS TO A VALUE-ADDED, COMMODITY PHOSPHORUS CHEMICAL
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Paragraph 0022, (2018/10/21)
The invention relates to degradation of organophosphate neurotoxins with molybdenum complexes. In particular, the degradation of phosphate ester neurotoxins can be performed with molybdenum peroxo complexes resulting in recoverable phosphorus-containing compounds.
An ortho-palladated dimethylbenzylamine complex as a highly efficient turnover catalyst for the decomposition of P=S insecticides. Mechanistic studies of the methanolysis of some P=S-containing phosphorothioate triesters
Lu, Zhong-Lin,Neverov, Alexei A.,Brown, R. Stan
, p. 3379 - 3387 (2007/10/03)
An ortho-palladated complex Pd(dmba)(py)(OTf) (9), or Pd(N,N- dimethylbenzylamine)(pyridine)-(trifluoromethanesulfonate), was synthesized and its solution properties in methanol studied as a function of s spH. In neutral solution the triflate dissociates from the complex to give a dominant form Pd(dmba)(py)(HOCH3), and in acid the pyridine dissociates to give Pyr-H+ and Pd(dmba)(HOCH3)(HOCH 3). Under basic conditions, Pd(dmba)(py)(HOCH3) ionizes to give Pd(dmba)(py)(-OCH3) from which the pyridine can dissociate to yield a mixture of a bis-methoxy-bridged dimer (Pd(dmba)( -OCH3))2 (15-dimer), and its monomer Pd(dmba)(HOCH3)-(-OCH3). Kinetic studies under buffered conditions reveal that 9 is an effective catalyst for the methanolysis of fenitrothion and other P=S pesticides. The active form of the catalyst is a basic one having one associated methoxide generated with an apparent sspKa of 10.8. Analysis of the change in the UV/vis spectrum as a function of sspH generates a spectrophotometric ssKa of 10.8 ±0.1. This catalytic system is shown to promote the methanolysis of fenitrothion (3), diazinon (4), quinalphos (5), coumaphos (10) and dichlofenthion (11) at 0.05 mol dm-3 triethyl amine buffer, sspH 10.8, 25°C, under turnover conditions where the [phosphorothioate]/[9] ratio is 48.6, 13.4, 13.4, 18.6, and 48.6 respectively. In all cases, the products were derived from displacement of the leaving group by methoxide, the second-order turnover rate constants being 36.9, 0.45, 0.12, > 146.7 and 44.3 dm 3 mol-1 s-1 respectively. An associative mechanism for the catalyzed methanolysis of the P=S pesticides is proposed where a transiently coordinated S=P substrate is intramolecularly attacked by the PdII-coordinated methoxide. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
Influence of Natural Dissolved Organic Matter, Temperature, and Mixing on the Abiotic Hydrolysis of Triazine and Organophosphate Pesticides
Noblet, James A.,Smith, Lynda A.,Suffet
, p. 3685 - 3693 (2007/10/03)
Abiotic hydrolysis of simazine, atrazine, diazinon, methylparathion, and chlorpyrifos was studied in three different natural waters and buffered Milli-Q water. The triazines showed no detectable decrease in concentration in any of the waters over 43 days at pH 8.0 and 40 °C. The rates of hydrolysis for diazinon and methylparathion were statistically similar in all waters tested. Chlorpyrifos exhibited a ～32% decrease in hydrolysis rate in the presence of a high concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) (34.5 mg/L dissolved organic carbon). The activation energies are larger, and thus the predicted hydrolysis rates are significantly slower than those previously reported. The effect of continuous vigorous mixing on hydrolysis rates was investigated and found to have only a minor effect. The results suggest that uncatalyzed abiotic hydrolysis is very slow for these compounds at the temperatures and pH's typical of most natural waters and affirm the need for a greater understanding of the relative influence of DOM, catalysis, and biodegradation on the fate of organophosphate and triazine pesticides.
Silica-Bound Sulfonic Acid Catalysts
Badley, Rickey D.,Ford, Warren T.
, p. 5437 - 5443 (2007/10/02)
The catalytic activity of colloidal silica sulfonic acid for the hydrolyses of diazinon and triphenylmethyl fluoride was compared with that of silica gel sulfonic acids, gel and macroporous poly(styrenesulfonic acids), powdered and soluble Nafion, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and hydrochloric acid.For diazinon hydrolysis, the colloidal catalyst was only slighty less active than the soluble strong acid catalysts and 2.8 times more active than any of other heterogeneous catalysts.The silica gel and polymeric sulfonic acid catalysts had similar activities.For triphenylmethyl fluoride hydrolysis all of the catalysts were only weakly active.
Pyrimidylmethyl thiophosphorus esters useful for the control of insects, mites and nematodes
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, (2008/06/13)
Heterocyclic compounds of the formula STR1 wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and X are as defined hereinafter, process for their preparation, as well as pesticidal compositions containing these compounds as the active ingredient and methods for using the pesticidal compositions for the control of pests are described.
1,3-Oxazines and Related Compounds. VI. Synthesis and Some Reactions of 2,6-Disubstituted 4H-1,3-Thiazin-4-ones
Yamamoto, Yutaka,Ohnishi, Shuhei,Azuma, Yutaka
, p. 1929 - 1935 (2007/10/02)
Various of 2,6-disubstituted 4H-1,3-thizin-4-ones (5) were synthesized by successive treatment of N-acylacetylcarboxamides with acid (such as 70percent perchloric acid or fluorosulfonic acid) and hydrogen sulfide.Reactions of 5 were investigated; ammonolysis with ethanolic ammonia gave the corresponding pyrimidin-4-ones; hydrolysis of 2-alkyl-1,3-thiazine derivatives yielded ring-opend N-acyl-β-mercaptocrotonamides; reduction with NaBH4 or LiALH4 afforded 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazin-4-one derivatives.Keywords - 1,3-thiazin-4-one; 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazin-4-one; pyrimidin-4-one; 1,3-oxazinium salt; 1,3-thiazinium salt; N-acylacetylcarboxamide; N-acyl-β-mercaptocrotonamide
THE REACTIONS OF 4-PYRIMIDINONE DERIVATIVES WITH SODIUM AMIDE AND WITH HYDRAZINE: SYNTHESIS OF TRIAZOLE
Hirai, Yoshiro,Egawa, Hiroyuki,Yamada, Shoko,Yamazaki, Takao
, p. 1243 - 1246 (2007/10/02)
The 3,6-dialkyl-2-isopropyl-4-pyrimidinones (1)-(3) and 3,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-pyrimidinone (6) were converted to the N-dealkylated 4-pyrimidinone (4), (5), and (7) by reaction with sodium amide in liq. ammonia.Also, these 4-pyrimidinones (1)-(3) and (6) were converted to the triazoles (10)-(12) by heating with hydrazine, respectively.
REACTION OF 3-AMINOCROTONAMIDE WITH NITRILES
Kato, Tetsuzo,Chiba, Takuo,Sasaki, Makoto
, p. 577 - 580 (2007/10/02)
The reaction of 3-aminocrotonamide (5) with some nitriles, such as acetonitrile, propiononitrile, iso-butyronitrile, and benzonitrile, gave the corresponding 2-substituted 6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidones (2a-2d).Phenylacetonitrile reacted with (5) to give 2-benzyl-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidone (7) and 6-amino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridone (8a).Malononitrile, however, reacted with (5) to afford 6-amino-5-cyano-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone (8b).
Process for the production of 2-alkyl- or cycloalkyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidines
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, (2008/06/13)
Production of 2-alkyl- or cycloalkyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidines by first neutralizing an alkyl imidate ester hydrochloride with a base in the presence of a water-immiscible solvent for the alkyl imidate ester to be freed thereby; condensing the alkyl imidate ester with diketene to form an oxazinone intermediate, which is then reacted in organic solution with gaseous ammonia and recovering the desired substituted 6-hydroxypyrimidine.
