20537-88-6 Usage
Description
Amifostine, also known as Ethyol, is an organic thiophosphate derivative of cysteamine. It is a prodrug that is rapidly dephosphorylated, preferentially in non-tumor tissues, to its active form, a free thiol called WR-1065. This agent is known for its cytoprotective properties, as it binds to chemotherapeutic drugs and free radicals released by radiotherapy, providing selective protection to normal cells against the toxic effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
Uses
Used in Oncology:
Amifostine is used as a cytoprotective agent in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the reduction of toxic side effects on normal cells. It has been observed to provide protection to a wide range of normal organs, including bone marrow and gastrointestinal mucosa, without interfering with the anti-tumor effect of chemo-radiotherapy. Amifostine is being evaluated for its potential in increasing the therapeutic index for existing cancer treatments and is also being studied for its cytoprotective effects in other types of tumors, such as lung, breast, and head and neck cancers.
Used in Pulmonology:
Amifostine is used as a potent mucolytic agent in the treatment of respiratory conditions, such as cystic fibrosis. Its mucolytic properties help in reducing the viscosity of mucus, facilitating easier clearance and improving respiratory function in patients with these conditions.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Amifostine is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the development of medications aimed at reducing the side effects of cancer treatments and improving the quality of life for patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Originator
US Bloscience (U.S.A.)
Manufacturing Process
A solution of 2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethanol (25.0 g, 0.212 mole) in 48 %
hydrobromic acid (200 ml) was distilled until 35 ml of distillate had been
collected. The solution was refluxed and, periodically, more distillate was
collected. The total volume of distillate removed in 7 distillation periods was
160 ml, or 80 % of the original volume of 48% hydrobromic acid, and the
time of continuous boiling was approximately 48 hours. The residual solution
was then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure with the aid of
several added portions of methanol. The crystalline residue was thoroughly
triturated with acetone, collected, and washed on the funnel with acetone.
After the product had been pressed as dry as possible on the funnel, it was
dissolved in a slight excess of boiling methanol and the solution was filtered.
Addition of acetone to the filtrate precipitated pure N-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-
propanediamine dihydrobromide as colorless crystals, which were dried in
vacuum over phosphorus pentoxide: yield 58.0 g (80%), melting point 205-
206°C. Trisodium phosphorothioate (6.93 g, 38.5 mmoles) was gradually
added in small portions with vigorous stirring to water (38 ml) cooled
externally by means of a water bath (15°-20°C). To the resulting suspension
was added N-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine dihydrobromide (13.3 g,
38.8 mmoles). After a few minutes, complete solution occurred, and N,Ndimethylformamide
(19 ml) was added with continued external cooling at 15°-
20°C. After the solution had been stirred at about 20°C for 90 min, it was
poured into methanol (250 ml), and the mixture was refrigerated at 4°C
overnight. The white precipitate that formed was collected and pressed as dry
as possible on the funnel. The solid was dissolved in water (40 ml), and the
solution was filtered. Addition of methanol (250 ml) reprecipitated the
product. After the mixture had been refrigerated about 1 hour, the product
was collected and washed on the funnel, first with methanol and finally with
ether. The white solid was dried in vacuo at room temperature, then exposed
to ambient conditions of the laboratory for 5 hours, and bottled under
nitrogen and stored in a freezer. The yield of S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethyl
dihydrogen phosphorothioate monohydrate, melting point (from methanol)
160-161°C, dec., was 8.15 g (91%).
Therapeutic Function
Radioprotective, Chemoprotectant, Mucolytic
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous,intramuscular, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxicby ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Otherexperimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated todecomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx, PO
References
1) Capizzi et al. (2000), Chemoprotective and radioprotective effects of amifostine: an update of clinical trials; Int. J. Hematol., 72 425
2) Provinciali et al. (1999), In vivo amifostine (WR-2721) prevents chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from cancer patients; Life Sci., 64 1525
3) Koukourakis et al. (2004), Amifostine before chemotherapy: improved tolerance profile of the subcutaneous over the intravenous route; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 53 8
4) Maurici et al. (2001), Amifostine (WR2721) restores transcriptional activity of specific p53 mutant proteins in a yeast functional assay; Oncogene, 20 3533
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 20537-88-6 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,0,5,3 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 20537-88:
(7*2)+(6*0)+(5*5)+(4*3)+(3*7)+(2*8)+(1*8)=96
96 % 10 = 6
So 20537-88-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H15N2O3PS/c6-2-1-3-7-4-5-12-11(8,9)10/h7H,1-6H2,(H2,8,9,10)
20537-88-6Relevant articles and documents
Preparation method of amifostine trihydrate
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Paragraph 0023-0035, (2021/05/05)
The invention discloses a novel preparation method of amifostine trihydrate. According to the method, thiophosphoryl chloride is directly used as a reaction raw material to react with N-(2-bromoethyl)-1, 3-propane diamine dihydrobromide in the presence of alkali and a phase transfer catalyst by using a sulfolane/water solvent system to prepare the amifostine trihydrate. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the process flow is shortened, and the raw material conversion rate, the reaction efficiency and the yield and purity of the target product are improved.
A three-hydrated 3 - amino propyl amine ethyl phosphorothioic acid preparation method
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Paragraph 0029-0045; 0046; 0047; 0048-0053, (2017/04/20)
The invention discloses a preparation method for trihydrate 3-amino propyl aminoethyl thiophosphoric acid. The preparation comprises the following steps of reacting N-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-propane diamine and sodium thiophosphate in water and an organic solvent. The organic solvent is one or more selected from ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran. The preparation method provided by the invention is mild in conditions, takes use of the most common organic solvent, is fast in reaction speed, is safe and reliable, and is convenient for operations and relatively low in cost. Besides, residual solvent can be removed and detected easily; the purity of the obtained crude product is relatively high (98%); and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production. A reaction equation is shown in the description.
A process for the preparation of green amifostin
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Paragraph 0023-0026, (2017/02/24)
The invention relates to the field of drug synthesis, and discloses an environment-friendly technology for preparing medicinal amifostine. The technology is as follows: mixing a N-bromoethyl-1,3-propanediamine dihydrobromide solution with sodium thiophosphate at the concentration of a aqueous solution of 10-70%, keeping mol ratio within the range of 1.0:0.8-1.2, and reaction temperature at 5.0-60 DEG C, using a lower alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol as an accelerant to generate the amifostine product, directly filtering the product to obtain the crude product of amifostine, and carrying out recrystallization and purification to the crude product to obtain medicinal amifostine trihydrate, wherein the amifostine content is larger than or equal to 99.5%, the content of sodium thiophosphate is smaller than 0.1%, the content of other related single substances is smaller than 0.1%, and the content of the whole related substances is lower than 0.3%. The preparation method is free from high boiling point aprotic solvent residual; the medicinal safety is improved; the filtrated stock can be recovered by distilling at normal pressure; the accelerant can be recycled. Amifostine prepared by the method is high in the quality, free from high boiling point aprotic solvent residual, environment-friendly, efficient, easy to operate, low in cost, and suitable for industrial scale production.
