1932-50-9Relevant articles and documents
Hydroxide Based Integrated CO2 Capture from Air and Conversion to Methanol
Sen, Raktim,Goeppert, Alain,Kar, Sayan,Prakash, G. K. Surya
, p. 4544 - 4549 (2020)
The first example of an alkali hydroxide-based system for CO2 capture and conversion to methanol has been established. Bicarbonate and formate salts were hydrogenated to methanol with high yields in a solution of ethylene glycol. In an integrated one-pot system, CO2 was efficiently captured by an ethylene glycol solution of the base and subsequently hydrogenated to CH3OH at relatively mild temperatures (100-140 °C) using Ru-PNP catalysts. The produced methanol can be easily separated by distillation. Hydroxide base regeneration at low temperatures was observed for the first time. Finally, CO2 capture from ambient air and hydrogenation to CH3OH was demonstrated. We postulate that the high capture efficiency and stability of hydroxide bases make them superior to existing amine-based routes for direct air capture and conversion to methanol in a scalable process.
Electrooxidation of ethylene glycol and glycerol on Pd-(Ni-Zn)/C anodes in direct alcohol fuel cells
Marchionni, Andrea,Bevilacqua, Manuela,Bianchini, Claudio,Chen, Yan-Xin,Filippi, Jonathan,Fornasiero, Paolo,Lavacchi, Alessandro,Miller, Hamish,Wang, Lianqin,Vizza, Francesco
, p. 518 - 528 (2013)
The electrooxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (G) has been studied: in alkaline media, in passive as well as active direct ethylene glycol fuel cells (DEGFCs), and in direct glycerol fuel cells (DGFCs) containing Pd-(Ni-Zn)/C as an anode electrocatalyst, that is, Pd nanoparticles supported on a Ni-Zn phase. For comparison, an anode electrocatalyst containing Pd nanoparticles (Pd/C) has been also investigated. The oxidation of EG and G has primarily been investigated in half cells. The results obtained have highlighted the excellent electrocatalytic activity of Pd-(Ni-Zn)/C in terms of peak current density, which is as high as 3300A g(Pd)-1 for EG and 2150A g(Pd)-1 for G. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA) have been fabricated using Pd-(Ni-Zn)/C anodes, proprietary Fe-Co/C cathodes, and Tokuyama A-201 anion-exchange membranes. The MEA performance has been evaluated in either passive or active cells fed with aqueous solutions of 5wt % EG and 5wt % G. In view of the peak-power densities obtained in the temperature range from 20 to 80 °C, at Pd loadings as low as 1mg cm -2 at the anode, these results show that Pd-(Ni-Zn)/C can be classified amongst the best performing electrocatalysts ever reported for EG and G oxidation. Copyright
Homogeneous Reforming of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol to Glycolic Acid and Pure Hydrogen Catalyzed by Pincer-Ruthenium Complexes Capable of Metal–Ligand Cooperation
Zou, You-Quan,von Wolff, Niklas,Rauch, Michael,Feller, Moran,Zhou, Quan-Quan,Anaby, Aviel,Diskin-Posner, Yael,Shimon, Linda J. W.,Avram, Liat,Ben-David, Yehoshoa,Milstein, David
supporting information, p. 4715 - 4722 (2021/02/20)
Glycolic acid is a useful and important α-hydroxy acid that has broad applications. Herein, the homogeneous ruthenium catalyzed reforming of aqueous ethylene glycol to generate glycolic acid as well as pure hydrogen gas, without concomitant CO2 emission, is reported. This approach provides a clean and sustainable direction to glycolic acid and hydrogen, based on inexpensive, readily available, and renewable ethylene glycol using 0.5 mol % of catalyst. In-depth mechanistic experimental and computational studies highlight key aspects of the PNNH-ligand framework involved in this transformation.
Preparation method for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
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Paragraph 0040; 0041; 0042; 0043, (2018/09/28)
The invention provides a preparation method for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A) reacting a divalent salt of glycolic acid as shown in a formula(I) with 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene under the action of a catalyst so as to produce 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate as shown in a formula (II); and B) acidizing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate so as to obtain 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. According to the invention, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is creatively used for replacing phenol and chlorophenol and subjected to a condensation reaction with glycolate so as toproduce 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, and hydrolysis is carried out so as to prepare 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; so such a technical scheme effectively avoids the usage of phenol or chlorophenol, overcomes the problems of peculiar smell of an operation place and production of waste gas, waste water and industrial residues, greatly improves the operation environment of the operation place and produces good environmental protection benefits, and the reaction has high yield and purity.
Applications of real-time FTIR spectroscopy to the elucidation of complex electroorganic pathways: electrooxidation of ethylene glycol on gold, platinum, and nickel in alkaline solution
Chang, Si-Chung,Ho, Yeunghaw,Weaver, Michael J.
, p. 9506 - 9513 (2007/10/02)
The electrooxidation pathways of ethylene glycol in alkaline aqueous solution on gold, platinum, and nickel electrodes are explored by means of real-time FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with cyclic voltammetry. The former enables a quantitative assay of specific intermediates and products formed during the reaction evolution. The electrooxidation on gold features the successive formation of partially oxidized C2 solution species en route to oxalate and carbonate production. The latter species is produced predominantly via the formation of the dialdehyde, glyoxal, based on comparisons with electrooxidative spectral sequences for candidate intermediate species. In contrast, ethylene glycol electrooxidation on platinum exhibits markedly different kinetics and product distributions to those for the partially oxidized C2 species, inferring that at least carbonate production from ethylene glycol occurs largely through sequences of chemisorbed, rather than solution-phase, intermediates. Electrooxidation of ethylene glycol and higher polyols on nickel display a remarkably selective production of formate. This efficient oxidative C-C bond cleavage on nickel is displayed in somewhat different fashion for partially oxidized C2 reactants in that carbonate is predominantly formed. Some possible surface chemical factors responsible for these striking mechanistic differences are discussed.
METAL-CATALYZED SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND ALKALINE SALTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS
Chiusoli, Gian Paolo,Giroldini, William,Salerno, Giuseppe
, p. 371 - 374 (2007/10/02)
Metal catalysis of the dehydrogenation of primary alcohols to alkaline salts of the corresponding organic acids is described.Conditions (120-170 deg C) are much milder than those required by the uncatalyzed reactions (220-260 deg C).Hydrogen is evolved in the ratio of two molecules per molecule of alcohol.