1675-46-3Relevant articles and documents
Incorporation of triphenylphosphonium functionality improves the inhibitory properties of phenothiazine derivatives in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Dunn, Elyse A.,Roxburgh, Marina,Larsen, Lesley,Smith, Robin A.J.,McLellan, Alexander D.,Heikal, Adam,Murphy, Michael P.,Cook, Gregory M.
, p. 5320 - 5328 (2014)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a difficult to treat disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The need for improved therapies is required to kill different M. tuberculosis populations present during infection and to kill drug resistant strains. Protein complexes associated with energy generation, required for the survival of all M. tuberculosis populations, have shown promise as targets for novel therapies (e.g., phenothiazines that target type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) in the electron transport chain). However, the low efficacy of these compounds and their off-target effects has made the development of phenothiazines as a therapeutic agent for TB limited. This study reports that a series of alkyltriphenylphosphonium (alkylTPP) cations, a known intracellular delivery functionality, improves the localization and effective concentration of phenothiazines at the mycobacterial membrane. AlkylTPP cations were shown to accumulate at biological membranes in a range of bacteria and lipophilicity was revealed as an important feature of the structure-function relationship. Incorporation of the alkylTPP cationic function significantly increased the concentration and potency of a series of phenothiazine derivatives at the mycobacterial membrane (the site of NDH-2), where the lead compound 3a showed inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth at 0.5 μg/mL. Compound 3a was shown to act in a similar manner to that previously published for other active phenothiazines by targeting energetic processes (i.e., NADH oxidation and oxygen consumption), occurring in the mycobacterial membrane. This shows the enormous potential of alkylTPP cations to improve the delivery and therefore efficacy of bioactive agents targeting oxidative phosphorylation in the mycobacterial membrane.
Conjugates Derived from Lapatinib Derivatives with Cancer Cell Stemness Inhibitors Effectively Reversed Drug Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Wang, Yuanjiang,Lv, Zhaodan,Chen, Feihong,Wang, Xing,Gou, Shaohua
supporting information, p. 12877 - 12892 (2021/09/13)
Increasing evidence indicates that the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation contributes to the therapeutic resistance and metastasis of tumors, leading to patient recurrence and death. Herein, we designed and synthesized several compounds by conjugating lapatinib derivatives with different CSC inhibitors to treat with lapatinib-induced MDA-MB-231 drug-resistant cells. In vitro biological studies indicated that 3a showed strong cytotoxicity and EGFR enzyme inhibitory activity and effectively reversed lapatinib-mediated resistance of MDA-MB-231 cells via inhibiting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell stemness and the AKT/ERK signaling pathway. In addition, 3a was capable of strongly suppressing the invasion and migration of TNBC cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression. In vivo tumorigenicity tests showed that 3a could inhibit the occurrence of TNBC by inhibiting BCSCs, proving 3a is a potential EGFR and CSC dual inhibitor for TNBC treatment.
Phenothiazine compound and application thereof
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Paragraph 0122-0126, (2019/06/07)
The invention provides a phenothiazine compound and application thereof to preparation of drugs for curing breast cancer and melanoma. The phenothiazine compound has higher inhibitory activity on thebreast cancer cell MDA- MB- 231, SUM159, MCF- 7, SKBR- 3 and the melanoma cell A375 and B16BL6 than trifluoperazine and thioridazine, and can be applied to curing breast cancer and melanoma. The general formula of the phenothiazine compound is as following (the formula is shown in the description), wherein R1 and R2 are as shown in the description.
