140235-40-1Relevant articles and documents
Stereoselective introduction of two chiral centers by a single diketoreductase: An efficient biocatalytic route for the synthesis of statin side chains
Wu, Xuri,Wang, Lili,Wang, Shuzhen,Chen, Yijun
experimental part, p. 305 - 308 (2010/09/09)
Statins, including atorvastatin (Lipitor), are the top-selling drugs in the world. The biocatalytic production of chiral side chains of statin drugs is of great interest to academia and industry. Stereoselective double reduction of a β,δ-diketo ester catalyzed by a diketoreductase offers a simple and efficient route for the preparation of statin side chains. Comparison of different cofactor regeneration systems resulted in an easy and cost-effective process for this enzymatic reduction.
Synthesis and highly stereoselective hydrogenation of the statin precursor ethyl (5S)-5,6-isopropylidenedioxy-3-oxohexanoate
Tararov, Vitali I.,Koenig, Gerd,Boerner, Armin
, p. 2633 - 2644 (2007/10/03)
A search for the large-scale preparation of (5S)-5,6-(isopropylidenedioxy)- 3-oxohexanoates (2) - a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmacologially important statins - starting from (S)-malic acid is described. The synthesis of the required initial compound methyl (3S)-3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)butanoate (1) by Moriwake's reduction of dimethyl (S)-malate (3) has been improved. Direct 2-C chain elongation of ester 1 using the lithium enolate of tert-butyl acetate has been shown to be successful at a 3- to 5-fold excess of the enolate. Unfortunately, the product, tert-butyl (5S)-5,6-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3- oxohexanoate (2a) is unstable during distillation. Ethyl (5S)-5,6- (isopropylidenedioxy)-3-oxohexanoate (2b) was prepared alternatively on a multigram scale from (3S)-3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)butanoic acid (7) by activation with N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole and subsequent reaction with Mg(OOCCH2COOEt)2. A convenient pathway for the in situ preparation of the latter is also described. Ethyl ester (2b) can be advantageously purified by distillation. The stereochemistry of the catalytic hydrogenation of β-keto ester (2b) to ethyl (55)-5,6-(isopropylidenedioxy)- 3-hydrohyhexanoate (syn-6 and anti-6) has been studied using a number of homogeneous achiral and chiral Rh(I) and Ru(II) complexes with phosphine ligands. A comparison of Rh(I) and Ru(II) catalysts with (S)- and (R)-BINAP as chiral ligands revealed opposite activity in dependence on the polarity of the solvent. No influence of the chiral backbone of substrate 2b on the enantioselectivity was noted. A ratio of syn-6/anti-6 = 2.3 was observed with an achiral (Ph3P)3RuCl2 catalyst. Ru[(R)-Tol-BINAP]Cl2 neutralized with one equivalent of AcONa afforded the most efficient catalytic system for the production of optically pure syn-(5S)-5,6-isopropylidenedioxy-3-hydroxyhexanoate (syn-6) at a preparative substrate/catalyst ratio of 1000:1.
2,4-DIHYDROXYADIPIC ACID DERIVATIVE
-
, (2008/06/13)
A novel 2,4-dihydroxyadipic acid derivative of the formula: STR1 wherein R1 and R4 are the same or different and each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group or a silyl group, and R2 and R3 are the same or different and each a hydrogen atom or a protective group of a hydroxy group or together form a ring, which is useful as a common intermediate in the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor