10042-88-3

Basic information

• Product Name: Terbium(III) chloride
• Synonyms: NSC 621599;Terbium chloride; Terbium trichloride; Terbium(III) chloride
• CAS NO: 10042-88-3
• Molecular Formula: Cl₃Tb
• Molecular Weight: 265.27
• EINECS: 233-132-4
• Mol File: 10042-88-3.mol

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: off-white pwdr.
• Density: 4.35 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• CAS DataBase Reference: Terbium(III) chloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Terbium(III) chloride(10042-88-3)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Terbium(III) chloride(10042-88-3)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 10042-88-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Synthesis:
Terbium(III) chloride is used as a precursor for the production of other terbium compounds and materials, which are essential in various chemical processes and applications.
Used in Glass and Ceramics Industry:
Terbium(III) chloride is utilized as a component in the manufacturing of glass and ceramics, enhancing their properties and performance.
Used as a Catalyst in Organic Synthesis:
In the field of organic chemistry, Terbium(III) chloride serves as a catalyst to facilitate specific reactions, improving the efficiency and selectivity of the synthesis processes.
Used in Medical Imaging and Cancer Treatment:
Terbium(III) chloride has been studied for its potential applications in medical imaging, where it could enhance the visualization of biological structures, and in cancer treatment, where it may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Used in Lighting and Display Applications:
In the production of green and blue phosphors, Terbium(III) chloride plays a vital role, enabling the creation of more efficient and longer-lasting lighting and display technologies.

InChI:InChI=1/ClH.6H2O.Tb/h1H;6*1H2;/q;;;;;;;+3/p-1

Synthetic route

[Tb(chloride)2(water)6]Cl → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: H2O; Schlenk techniques; heating Tb compd. under vacuum (1E-3 Torr);	99%

terbium ammonium chloride → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NH4Cl; Tb-contg. compd. was heated slowly (4 h) to 630°C in flowing helium; chem anal.;	59.6%

terbium(III, IV) oxide + ammonium chloride → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In solid
With hydrogenchloride In not given TbCl3 prepared by ammonium halide method;

terbium(III) oxide + ammonium chloride → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
Ar atmosphere; molar ratio NH4Cl/Tb2O3 6:1;
In neat (no solvent) 250°C; distn. (twice) in tantalum crucible under high. vac.;

terbium(III) chloride hydrate → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
With NH4Cl In neat (no solvent) heating of TbCl3*99H2O in the presence of NH4Cl (Handbuch der preparativen anorganischen Chemie, Herausg. G. Brauer, Studgardt, 1975);

terbium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) + aluminium (7429-90-5) → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) chemical transport technique, according to: G. N. Papatheodorou, G. H. Kucera, Inorg. Chem. 18 (1979) 385; AlCl3 prepd. in situ; 1 atm of Cl2, temp. gradient 500 to 400°C;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + terbium → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In water dissoln. (60 s); not isolated; calorimetric measurements;

aluminium trichloride (7446-70-0) + terbium(III, IV) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) absence of moisture; large excess AlCl3, evacuated quartz tube, 573 K; fractional sublimation over 450 to 650 K gradient, removal of residual AlCl3 on heating in Cl2/N2 stream;

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + terbium(III) oxalate → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
dry box, nitrogen stream; direct chlorination using CCl4;

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + terbium(III) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating to 800 K in 4 - 5 h, chlorination by isothermal treatment in a stream of CCl4 at 800 K for 5 - 6 h; elem. anal.;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + terbium(III, IV) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In hydrogenchloride metal oxide treated with concd. HCl; soln. evapd. to near dryness;
In water Tb4O7 dissolution in HCl (1:1 soln.), evaporation;
In neat (no solvent) Tb4O7 reacted with HCl; evapd. to dryness;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + terbium(III) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In hydrogenchloride
In hydrogenchloride oxide dissolved in aq. HCl;
In hydrogenchloride Tb2O3 reacted with 37.5% HCl;

TbAl3Cl12 → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) thermal decompn. at 220-240°C;

terbium(III, IV) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium trichloride; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CO; chlorination at 800 K for 2 h, heating up to 1300 K in CO-HCl mixt., CVTalong temp. gradient at 1300 K for 6 h;
With pyrographite In solid byproducts: CO; at 800°C for 2 h;
With aluminium trichloride; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) chlorinating of rare earth/carbon (molar ration 3/1) mixt. (Cl2 flow rate 20 ml/min, 800 K, 2 h), heating in CO/HCl flow (800-1200 K), chemical vapor transport (AlCl3, 1300 K, 6 h, CO carrier gas, 40 ml/min); atomic emission spectrometric monitoring;

terbium(III) oxide → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
With HCl In hydrogenchloride dissoln. of Tb2O3 in aq. HCl; recrystn. from cocd. soln.;

3NH4(1+)*Tb(3+)*6Cl(1-)=(NH4)3TbCl6 → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
Thermal decompn. of starting material above 400°C.; X-ray diffraction, thermal anal.;

terbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate → Carbonyl fluoride (353-50-4) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
byproducts: SO2; above 400°C;
byproducts: SO2; above 400°C;

terbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C;
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C;
thermal decompn. at 500-1000°C;

TbCl3*2(acetylacetone imine) → 4-amino-3-penten-2-one (1118-66-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) 325°C; thermogravimetric anal.;

terbium(III) chloride hexahydrate → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
Kinetics; byproducts: H2O;

terbium(III) chloride monohydrate (114364-03-3) → terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; byproducts: H2O; sample fluidization in Pyrex glass in Ar/HCl gas mixt. at const. temp. in range 180-210 (+/-0.2)°C; manometric monotoring;
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; sample heating at 180-200°C till the weight loss reached the calculated value; gravimetric monitoring;

water (7732-18-5) + disodium isophthalate (10027-33-5, 18996-36-6, 25458-19-9) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium(III)(OH)(C6H4(COO)2)(H2O)4*terbium(III)(C6H4(COO)2)(C6H4(COOH)(H2O)4*6H2O

Conditions	Yield
In water TbCl3 mixed with disodium salt of isophthalic acid in water at room temp.; pptd.; filtered; dried in air; elem. anal.; XRD;	100%

benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, ammonium salt + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium(III) 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate hexahydrate

Conditions	Yield
In not given hot soln.;	99%
In not given hot soln.;	99%

(CH2CH2NCH2COOH)2(CH2CH2NCH2CON(C2H5)C9H3O2(CH3)2)(CH2CH2NCH2CCH) (1384118-43-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(CH2CH2NCH2COO)2(CH2CH2NCH2CON(C2H5)C9H3O2(CH3)2)(CH2CH2NCH2CCH)(1+) (1384157-48-5)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol cyclen deriv. dissolved in MeOH, then TbCl3 added, heated at 45°Cfor 24 h; concd. to half vol., added to large amt. of Et2O; ppt. collected by centrifugation; solid dissolved in MeOH, pptd. with Et2O; dried under vac. for 24 h;	99%

5-aminoisophthalic acid, ammonium salt + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium(III) 5-aminoisophthalate tridecahydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water ligand added to aq. soln. of metal salt with stirring; mixt. stirred for1 h at room temp.; filtered; washed (hot water); dried at 30°C for 2 ds;	98%

potassium tris(1-pyrazolyl)borate + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → κ3-HB(N2C3H3)3 terbium(III) complex

Conditions	Yield
In water addn. of the pyrazolylborate with stirring to a filtered soln. of the lanthanide chloride (or hydrated nitrate) in H2O, centrifugation, addn. offurther pyrazolylborate and repeating the procedure; washing with H2O under stirring, centrifugation, drying (desiccator, over P2O5); elem. anal.;	97%

3R,4R-bis(1,3-butandione)-2,2-dimethyldioxolane + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → (3R,4R-bis(1,3-butandione)-2,2-dimethyldioxolane(2-))3Tb2*3H2O

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In methanol addn. of metal salt to a soln. of ligand and K2CO3 in methanol, stirringovernight at room temp.; evapn., extn. with isopropanol, filtration, evapn. in vac.; elem. anal.;	95%

2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione (1118-71-4) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + 2,2'-Bipyrimidine (34671-83-5) → [Tb(III)tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate)]2(2,2'-bipyrimidine)

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In ethanol; water stoich., aq. soln. of TbCl3 added to basic ethanolic soln. of β-diketonate and 2,2-bipyridine; filtered, washed (cold EtOH), dried (air), elem. anal.;	95%

sodium acetate (127-09-3) + potassium tris(1-pyrazolyl)borate + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → (acetato)bis{hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borato}terbium(III)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: KCl, NaCl; under N2 atm.; suspension stirred at room temp. for 8h; evapd. (vac.), benzene added, stirred for 1h at room temp., centrifuged, filtered, evapd.;	94%

warfarin (129-06-6) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(3+)*3C19H15O4(1-)*6H2O=Tb(C19H15O4)3*6H2O

Conditions	Yield
In water dropwise addn. of soln. of Ln-salt to soln. of ligand salt (pptn.), stirring (0.5 h); filtration, washing (H2O), drying (vac. desiccator); elem. anal.;	94%

closo-exo-5,6-[(μ-H)2Na(THF)2]-1-Na(THF)2-2,4-(SiMe3)2-2,4-C2B4H4 + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → 2,2',4,4'-(SiMe3)4-3,5',6'-[(μ-H)3Na]-1,1'-commo-Tb(η5-2,4-C2B4H4)2

Conditions	Yield
In benzene under N2 atm. closo-exo-5,6-Na(THF)2-1-Na(THF)2-2,4-(SiMe3)-2,4-C2B4H4 and LnCl3 (2:1) were mixed in benzene and stirred at 0°C for 2-3 h, react. mixt. was warmed to room temp., raised to 60°C and stirred for 24 h; soln. was filtered and evapd., residue was recrystd. from n-hexane-benzene; elem. anal.;	93%

benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (554-95-0) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(3+)*C6H3(COO)3(3-)*H2O = Tb(C6H3(COO)3)(H2O) (847454-84-6, 213600-35-2)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; N,N-dimethyl-formamide refluxing (2 h); ppt. on cooling, ppt. washing (EtOH), drying (vac.); elem. anal.;	93%

sodium ethyl sulfate (546-74-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(III) ethylsulfate

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol byproducts: NaCl; equimolar amts. of sodium alkylsulfate and TbCl3 were mixed at -20°C; ppt. of NaCl filtered off, filtrate evapd., dried in vacuo over P2O5; elem. anal.;	92%

sodium isopropyl sulfate (52096-25-0) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium isopropyl sulfate

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol byproducts: NaCl; room temperature, NaCl filtration off, filtrate concentration to dryness, residue drying (in vacuo over P2O5); elem. anal.;	92%
In ethanol byproducts: NaCl; equimolar amts. of sodium alkylsulfate and TbCl3 were mixed at -20°C; ppt. of NaCl filtered off, filtrate evapd., dried in vacuo over P2O5; elem. anal.;

[La(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-2,3-dione)Cl2(H2O)2]Cl (257926-39-9) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → (La(C8H16O2N4)Cl2(H2O)2)2TbCl3(H2O)2(2+)*2Cl(1-)=La2TbC16H44Cl9N8O10

Conditions	Yield
With acetonitrile In methanol refluxing (2 h), concn., acetonitrile addn., crystn.; filtration, washing (acetonitrile-ethanol), drying (red. pressure); elem. anal.;	92%

water (7732-18-5) + sodium p-aminobenzoate (555-06-6) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → terbium(III) p-aminobenzoate monohydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water byproducts: NaCl; elem. anal.;	92%

4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-furanyl)-1,3-butanedione (326-90-9) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + 2,2'-Bipyrimidine (34671-83-5) → [Tb2(tfa)6(2,2'-bipyrimidine)] (943727-00-2)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water ethanolic soln. of β-diketone (2.1 mmol), bpm (0.35 mmol), NaOH (2.1 mmol) stirred for 30 min, aq. soln. of metal salt (0.70 mmol) added, pptd.; filtered off, recrystd. (ethyl acetate/hexane), elem. anal.;	91%

terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + copper(l) chloride + lithium tert-butoxide (1907-33-1) → terbium tert-butoxycuprate

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: LiCl; a mixt. of t-BuOLi, TbCl3, and CuCl in THF was stirred for 3.5 h at 60°C; the solvent was evapd. in a vac. and the solid residue was extd. with hexane; the hexane exts. were combined, and the solvent was evapd. in a vac.; elem. anal.;	90%

(E)-3-phenylacrylic acid (140-10-3) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb(trans-cinnamate)3]

Conditions	Yield
With NaOH In water cinnamic acid dispersed in water; treated with equimolar aq. NaOH; pH adjusted by dropwise addition of aq. HCl to 7-8; soln. added to metal chloride soln. in 3:1 molar ratio; pH adjusted to 5; stirred for 1 h; collected; washed with EtOH followed by H2O; dried in vacuum desiccator for 2 days; elem. anal.;	90%

sodium tetrahydroborate (16940-66-2) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → Tb(3+)*3BH4(1-)*3C4H8O = Tb(BH4)3*3C4H8O

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: NaCl; stirring (air and moisture exclusion, room tempo., 20 h); IR spectroscopy;	89.7%

1,1,1-Trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedione (22767-90-4) + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + 2,2'-Bipyrimidine (34671-83-5) → [Tb(III)tris(1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedionate)]2(2,2'-bipyrimidine)(H2O)2

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxide In ethanol; water stoich., aq. soln. of TbCl3 added to basic ethanolic soln. of β-diketonate and 2,2-bipyridine; filtered, washed (cold EtOH), dried (air), elem. anal.;	86.5%

terephthalonitrile (623-26-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [TbCl3(1,4-benzodinitrile)]n

Conditions	Yield
In melt (inert atm.); heating mixt. of terbium compd. and benzodinitrile to 190°C in 9.5 h and to 235°C in 45 h, keeping at 235°C for 48 h, cooling to 190°C for 225 h, to 170°C in 20 h and to room temp. for 29 h; isolation of crystals, elem. anal.;	86%

7,16-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (72912-01-7) + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + potassium hydroxide → [(1,10-diaza-4,7,13,16-tetraoxacyclooctadecane-N,N'-diacetato)lanthanum(III)] chloride potassium chloride hexahydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water a soln. of metal salt added dropwise to a soln. of ligand and KOH; concd., acetone added, ppt. filtered, washed (aq. acetone), dried (vac.); elem. anal.;	85%

1,3-diphenylpropanedione (120-46-7) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb(dibenzoylmethanato)3]

Conditions	Yield
With NH3 In ethyl acetate byproducts: NH4Cl; partial evapn., addn. of heptane; elem. anal.;	85%

terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) + triethylentetramine (112-24-3) + oxalic acid diethyl ester (95-92-1) → Tb(C8H16O2N4)Cl2(H2O)2(1+)*Cl(1-)=[Tb(C8H20Cl2N4O4)]Cl (257926-45-7)

Conditions	Yield
With acetonitrile In methanol refluxing (3 h), stirring, refluxing (2 h), acetonitrile addn., crystn.; filtration, washing (acetonitrile-ethanol), drying (red. pressure); elem. anal.;	85%

ethanol (64-17-5) + 1,3-diphenyl-4-phenylacetyl-5-pyrazolone (191846-88-5) + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb(1,3-diphenyl-4-phenylacetyl-5-pyrazolone-H)3(H2O)(EtOH)]

Conditions	Yield
With NaOH In tetrahydrofuran; water a soln. of pyrazolone-compound in THF was neutralized by NaOH aq. soln. with heating and stirring, then aq. soln. of TbCl3 (1:3 molar ratio) wasadded dropwise at a pH of 6.5, water was added slowly, the mixt. was re fluxed for 6 h; the solid was filtered off, washed with water; elem. anal.;	85%

tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9) + Li(N(C6H3(i-Pr)2-2,6)C(H))2CPh) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → TbCl2([N(C6H3i-Pr2-2,6)C(H)]2CPh)(thf)2 (1196389-94-2)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran under Ar or in vac.; soln. of Na(β-diiminato ligand) in THF added to suspn. of TbCl3 at room temp., after 10 min TbCl3 disappeared, the color changed to orange, the mixt. heated at 60°C under reflux for 12 h, volatiles removed in vac.; residue extd. (OEt2), ext. concd., after 12 h at 15°C light yellow crystals obtained; elem.anal., XRD;	85%

2-hydroxy-N-octadecyloxy-4-tetradecyloxybenzaldimine (271577-90-3) + sodium nonadecafluorodecylsulfate (586960-96-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [terbium(III) (4-tetradecyloxy-N-octadecyl-2-hydroxybenzaldimine)-tris(nonadecafluorodecylsulfate)]

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol byproducts: NaCl; 3:1 mixt. of metal salt and sodium nonadecafluorodecylsulfate stirred at60°C, NaCl filtered off, 3-fold excess ligand added, stirred at 50°C, stored for 2 h, pptd.; filtered off, dried (vac.), elem. anal.;	84%

1-phenyl-3-(3,5-dibenzyloxyphenyl)-4-phenylacetyl-5-pyrazolone (909007-96-1) + water (7732-18-5) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb(1-phenyl-3-(3,5-dibenzyloxy)phenyl-4-phenylacetyl-5-pyrazolone-H)3(H2O)2]

Conditions	Yield
With NaOH In tetrahydrofuran; water a soln. of pyrazolone-compound in THF was neutralized by NaOH aq. soln. with heating and stirring, then aq. soln. of TbCl3 (1:3 molar ratio) wasadded dropwise at a pH of 6.5, water was added slowly, the mixt. was re fluxed for 6 h; the solid was filtered off, washed with water; elem. anal.;	83%

4,4'-bipyridine (553-26-4) + terbium(III) chloride (10042-88-3) → [Tb2Cl6(4,4'-bipyridine)3]*2(4,4'-bipyridine)

Conditions	Yield
In melt (inert atmosphere); sealed, heated to 140°C; cooled to 100°C and to room temp.; obtained impure; elem. anal.;	83%

Upstream product

• 13798-24-8 terbium(III) chloride hydrate 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 7429-90-5 aluminium 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 7446-70-0 aluminium trichloride 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 13798-24-8 terbium(III) chloride hexahydrate 
• 114364-03-3 terbium(III) chloride monohydrate 

Downstream Products

• 98521-17-6 (TbCl₃((C₆H₁₁)2PHO)3) 
• 186504-92-7 TbCl₃ * 2(N-isonicotinamidoanisalaldimine) 
• 126726-25-8 dichlorobis{2-acetylpyridine(N-benzoyl)glycyl hydrazone}Tb(III) chloride 
• 174684-36-7 [Tb(C₁₈H₁₅N₃OS)2Cl₂]⁽¹⁺⁾*Cl^(1-) = TbC₃₆H₃₀N₆O₂S₂Cl₃ 
• 121483-71-4 Tb(C₆H₅C₃N₂(CH₃)2ONHCOCH₃)2Cl₃ 

Relevant articles and documents

TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT ENERGY TRANSFER FROM 5D 3 AND 5D4 STATES OF TB3 + TO SM3 + .

The present study deals with the interaction of **5D//3 and **5D//4 states of Tb**3** plus when Sm **3** plus ions are incorporated in a LaCl//3 matrix. A dipole-dipole interaction mechanism is suggested for the transfer of energy from **5D//3 and **5D//4 states of Tb**3** plus to Sm**3** plus . Temperature-dependent study reveals multiphonon relaxation of the LaCl//3 matrix.

Preparation of metallic terbium and terbium hydride

The conditions of the reaction between TbCl3 and LiH were optimized. The resultant terbium hydride was used to obtain metallic terbium by vacuum thermolysis.

Luminescence property of the terbium bipyridyl complex incorporated in silica matrix by a sol-gel method

Silica-based composite materials incorporated with a terbium bipyridyl complex, SiO2:Tb(bpy)23+, were prepared by a sol-gel method. The thermal stability of Tb(bpy)23+ was improved by incorporation into the silica matrix, and its green emission lines were intensified by heat-treatments under appropriate temperature conditions. These results demonstrate that the composite materials such as SiO2:Tb(bby)23+ possess potential as efficient phosphors.

Raman and X-ray diffraction studies of terbium trichloride: Phase characterization and temperature relationship

We have used phonon Raman spectrophotometry as a rapid and convenient tool, complimentary to X-ray diffraction, for investigating the polymorphism of TbCl3. In the literature one finds references to the polymorphism of TbCl3, but there is some confusion regarding the structural identity and temperature relationship of the different phases reported. In the present work TbCl3 was prepared via reaction of Tb4O7 and anhydrous HCl gas. Its Raman spectrum was acquired at room temperature and pressure (RTF) and correlated with the results of X-ray diffraction analysis to confirm the PuBr3-type orthorhombic structure. This TbCl3 structure was then monitored as a function of temperature, including after being quenched from the molten state. From our Raman and X-ray results, a phase transition occurred at about 510°C to a tentatively assigned tetragonal structure, which appeared stable up to the melting point (582°C). Additional annealing studies down to about 250°C resulted in the observation of only the RTF form. No evidence for a UCl3-type hexagonal or AlCl3-type monoclinic structure was found in this work, though they are common forms of other lanthanide trichlorides.

Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties of LuBO3: Tb3+ microflowers

Hexagonal vaterite-type LuBO3:Tb3+ microflower-like phosphors have been successfully prepared by an efficient surfactant- and template-free hydrothermal process directly without further sintering treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra as well as kinetic decays were used to characterize the samples. The as-obtained phosphor samples present flowerlike agglomerates composed of nanoflakes with thickness of 40 nm and high crystallinity in spite of the moderate reaction temperature of 200°C. The reaction mechanism has been considered as a dissolution/precipitation mechanism; the self-assembly evolution process has been proposed on homocentric layer-by-layer growth style. Under ultraviolet excitation into the 4J8→ 4f7d transition of Tb3+ at 248 nm (or 288 nm) and low-voltage electron beam excitation, LuBO3:Tb3+ samples show the characteristic green emission of Tb3+ corresponding to 5D4 → 7F6,5,4,3 transitions with the 5D 4 → 7F5 transition (542 nm) being the most prominent group, which have potential applications in fluorescent lamps and field emission displays.

Enhanced photoluminescence of GdPO4:Tb3+ under VUV excitation by controlling ZnO content and annealing temperature

High-quality Zn-free and added GdPO4:Tb3 green phosphors, i.e., fine size as well as smooth and spherical morphologies, were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The influence of Zn2+ content and annealing temperatur

X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE CHLORIDE-BROMIDE SYSTEMS OF TRIVALENT GADOLINIUM, TERBIUM, AND YTTERBIUM.

The lanthanoid mixed halide systems, MCl//3-MBr//3, for M equals Gd, Tb, and Yb, have been prepared by mixing and fusing the pure reactants and have been examined by X-ray powder diffraction procedures. For M equals Gd, UCl//3, (P6//3/m)-, PuBr//3 (Cmcm)-

Electrochemiluminescence of terbium (III)-two fluoroquinolones-sodium sulfite system in aqueous solution

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Tb3+-enoxacin-Na2SO3 system (ENX system) and Tb3+-ofloxacin-Na2SO3 system (OFLX system) in aqueous solution is reported. ECL is generated by the oxidation of Na2SO3, which is enhanced by Tb3+-fluoroquinolone (FQ) complex. The ECL intensity peak versus potential corresponds to oxidation of Na2SO3, and the ECL emission spectra (the peaks are at 490, 545, 585 and 620 nm) match the characteristic emission spectrum of Tb3+, indicating that the emission is from the excited state of Tb3+. The mechanism of ECL is proposed and the difference of ECL intensity between ENX system and OFLX system is explained. Conditions for ECL emission were optimized. The linear range of ECL intensity versus concentrations of pharmaceuticals is 2.0 × 10-10-8.0 × 10-7 mol l-1 for ENX and 6.0 × 10-10-6.0 × 10-7 mol l-1 for OFLX, respectively. A theoretical limit of detection is 5.4 × 10-11 mol l-1 for ENX and 1.6 × 10-10 mol l-1 for OFLX, respectively. The ECL was satisfactorily applied to the determination of the two FQs in dosage form and urine sample.

Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence of novel lanthanide (Tb(III), Gd(III)) complexes with 6-diphenylamine carbonyl 2-pyridine carboxylate

A novel organic ligand, 6-diphenylamine carbonyl 2-pyridine carboxylic acid (HDPAP), and the corresponding lanthanide complexes, tris(6-diphenylamine carbonyl 2-pyridine carboxylato) terbium(III) (Tb-DPAP) and tris(6-diphenylamine carbonyl 2-pyridine carboxylato) gadolinium(III) (Gd-DPAP) have been designed and synthesized. The crystal structure and photoluminescence of Tb-DPAP and Gd-DPAP have been studied. The results showed that the lanthanide complexes have electroneutral structures, and the solid terbium complex emits characteristic green fluorescence of Tb(III) ions at room temperature while the gadolinium complex emits the DPAP ligand phosphorescence. The lowest triplet level of DPAP ligand was calculated from the phosphorescence spectrum of Gd-DPAP in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) dilute solution determined at 77K, and the energy transfer mechanisms in the lanthanide complexes were discussed. The lifetimes of the 5D4 levels of Tb 3+ ions in the terbium complex were examined using time-resolved spectroscopy, and the values are 0.0153 ± 0.0001ms for solid Tb(DPAP)3 · 11.5H2O and 0.074 ± 0.007ms for 2.5 × 10-5mol/l Tb-DPAP ethanol solution.

Ligand-sensitized fluorescence of Tb3+ in Tb3+-dibutylphosphate complexes: Application for the estimation of DBP

The fluorescence of Tb3+ is sensitized by complexation with dibutylphosphate (DBP) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP). The excitation maximum for the Tb3+-DBP complex occurs at 218.5 nm, while that for the Tb3+-TBP complex is observed at 228.0 nm. Both complexes yield Tb3+ fluorescence at 548 nm. The difference in the excitation maxima for the two complexes has been used to advantage for the estimation of DBP in the presence of TBP. DBP is the main degradation product of TBP in the PUREX process and the method described in this work can thus serve as a useful analytical tool in monitoring the quality of the TBP in the process. This method has been shown to be applicable for the estimation of DBP when present to an extent of 0.1-10% of TBP, in TBP/dodecane solutions.