- Beyond Basicity: Discovery of Nonbasic DENV-2 Protease Inhibitors with Potent Activity in Cell Culture
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The viral serine protease NS2B-NS3 is one of the promising targets for drug discovery against dengue virus and other flaviviruses. The molecular recognition preferences of the protease favor basic, positively charged moieties as substrates and inhibitors, which leads to pharmacokinetic liabilities and off-target interactions with host proteases such as thrombin. We here present the results of efforts that were aimed specifically at the discovery and development of noncharged, small-molecular inhibitors of the flaviviral proteases. A key factor in the discovery of these compounds was a cellular reporter gene assay for the dengue protease, the DENV2proHeLa system. Extensive structure-activity relationship explorations resulted in novel benzamide derivatives with submicromolar activities in viral replication assays (EC50 0.24 μM), selectivity against off-target proteases, and negligible cytotoxicity. This structural class has increased drug-likeness compared to most of the previously published active-site-directed flaviviral protease inhibitors and includes promising candidates for further preclinical development.
- Kühl, Nikos,Leuthold, Mila M.,Behnam, Mira A. M.,Klein, Christian D.
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p. 4567 - 4587
(2021/05/06)
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- Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of arylcarboxamido piperidine and piperazine-based hydroxamates as potential HDAC8 inhibitors with promising anticancer activity
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HDAC8 has been established as one of the vital targets as far as the cancer is concerned. Different compounds having potential HDAC inhibitory activity have been approved by USFDA. However, none of these compounds are selective towards specific HDAC isoform. In this current study, some new hydroxamate derivatives with alkylpiperidine and alkylpiperazine linker moieties have been designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. All these compounds are effective HDAC8 inhibitors comprising more or less similar cytotoxic potential against different cancer cell lines. It is observed that the piperazine scaffold containing compound is more active than the compound with piperidine scaffold for exerting HDAC8 inhibitory activity. Moreover, the 4-quinolyl cap group is better than the biphenyl group which is better than the benzyl group for producing higher HDAC8 inhibition as well as cytotoxicity. These compounds displayed selective HDAC8 inhibition over HDAC3. Moreover, these compounds showed an increased caspase3/7 activity suggesting their anticancer potential through modulation of apoptotic pathways. Molecular docking study with three potent compounds was performed with both HDAC3 and HDAC8 enzymes to understand the selectivity profile of these compounds. Compound containing 4-quinolyl cap group with alkyl piperazinyl urea linker moiety has been emerged out as the lead molecule that may be further modified to design more effective and selective HDAC8 inhibitors in future.
- Trivedi, Prakruti,Adhikari, Nilanjan,Amin, Sk. Abdul,Bobde, Yamini,Ganesh, Routholla,Jha, Tarun,Ghosh, Balaram
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- SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLO[1,5-A]PYRIDINE COMPOUNDS AS RET KINASE INHIBITORS
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Provided herein are compounds of the Formula I: (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein A, B, X1, X2, X3, X4, Ring D, E, Ra, Rb, n and m have the meanings given in the specification, which are inhibitors of RET kinase and are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases which can be treated with a RET kinase inhibitor, including RET-associated diseases and disorders.
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- PIPERIDINE UREAS AS CATHEPSIN CYSTEINE PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to substituted piperidine urea derivatives that are inhibitors of cathepsin K proteases and which are therefore useful in the treatment of certain disorders that can be prevented or treated by inhibition of these enzymes. In addition, the invention relates to the compounds, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and the uses of these compounds in the treatment of certain disorders. It is expected that the compounds of the invention will find application in the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis as well as other diseases and conditions. The compounds have the general formula: [Formula should be inserted here]
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- Discovery of potent, orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitors of WNT signaling from a cell-based pathway screen
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WNT signaling is frequently deregulated in malignancy, particularly in colon cancer, and plays a key role in the generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells. We report the discovery and optimization of a 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyridine 9 using a high-throughput cell-based reporter assay of WNT pathway activity. We demonstrate a twisted conformation about the pyridine-piperidine bond of 9 by small-molecule X-ray crystallography. Medicinal chemistry optimization to maintain this twisted conformation, cognisant of physicochemical properties likely to maintain good cell permeability, led to 74 (CCT251545), a potent small-molecule inhibitor of WNT signaling with good oral pharmacokinetics. We demonstrate inhibition of WNT pathway activity in a solid human tumor xenograft model with evidence for tumor growth inhibition following oral dosing. This work provides a successful example of hypothesis-driven medicinal chemistry optimization from a singleton hit against a cell-based pathway assay without knowledge of the biochemical target.
- Adeniji-Popoola, Olajumoke,Aherne, Wynne,Blagg, Julian,Box, Gary,Clarke, Paul A.,Court, William,Crumpler, Simon,Dale, Trevor,De Haven Brandon, Alexis,Eccles, Suzanne A.,Esdar, Christina,Georgi, Katrin,Henley, Alan T.,Hobbs, Steve,Leuthner, Birgitta,Mallinger, Aurlie,Ortiz-Ruiz, Maria-Jesus,Pichowicz, Mark,Poeschke, Oliver,Raynaud, Florence,Rohdich, Felix,Schiemann, Kai,Smith, Elizabeth,Stieber, Frank,Stubbs, Mark,Tepoele, Robert,Thai, Ching,Valenti, Melanie,Waalboer, Dennis,Wienke, Dirk,Wood, Bozena,Workman, Paul
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p. 1717 - 1735
(2015/04/27)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel piperidine-4- carboxamide derivatives as potent CCR5 inhibitors
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Based on a putative 'Y shape' pharmacophore model of CCR5 inhibitors, a series of novel piperidine-4-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using a group-reverse strategy. Among synthesized target compounds, 16g (IC50 = 25.73 nM) and 16i (IC50 = 25.53 nM) showed equivalent inhibitory activity against CCR5 to that of the positive control maraviroc (IC50 = 25.43 nM) in calcium mobilization assay. Selected compounds were further tested for their antiviral activity in HIV-1 single cycle assay. Two compounds, 16g and 16i, displayed antiviral activity with IC 50 values of 73.01 nM and 94.10 nM, respectively. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic properties and inhibitory potency against hERG of 16g were evaluated, providing a foundation for ongoing optimization.
- Hu, Suwen,Gu, Quan,Wang, Zhilong,Weng, Zhiyong,Cai, Yunrui,Dong, Xiaowu,Hu, Yongzhou,Liu, Tao,Xie, Xin
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p. 259 - 266
(2014/01/06)
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- MMP-13 selective isonipecotamide α-sulfone hydroxamates
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A series of N-aryl isonipecotamide α-sulfone hydroxamate derivatives has been prepared utilizing a combination of solution-phase and resin-bound library technologies to afford compounds that are potent and highly selective for MMP-13.
- Kolodziej, Stephen A.,Hockerman, Susan L.,Decrescenzo, Gary A.,McDonald, Joseph J.,Mischke, Debbie A.,Munie, Grace E.,Fletcher, Theresa R.,Stehle, Nathan,Swearingen, Craig,Becker, Daniel P.
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scheme or table
p. 3561 - 3564
(2010/10/01)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation, and three-dimensional in silico pharmacophore model for σ1 receptor ligands based on a series of substituted benzo[d ]oxazol-2(3H)-one derivatives
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Novel benzo[d ]oxazol-2(3H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their affinities against σ receptors were evaluated. On the basis of 31 compounds, a three-dimensional pharmacophore model for the σ1 receptor binding site was devel
- Zampieri, Daniele,Mamolo, Maria Grazia,Laurini, Erik,Florio, Chiara,Zanette, Caterina,Fermeglia, Maurizio,Posocco, Paola,Paneni, Maria Silvia,Pricl, Sabrina,Vio, Luciano
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experimental part
p. 5380 - 5393
(2010/02/28)
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- PYRROLOPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS MODULATORS OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE
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A compound which is a pyrrolopyrimidine of formula (I) wherein: R1 is selected from R9 and halogen; R2 is NR6R7; R3 is selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted and -(CH2) nAr; R4 is selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and -(CH2)? Ar; or R3 and R4 form, together with the N and C atoms to which they are attached, a fused five-, six-, seven- or eight-membered N-containing saturated ring which is unsubstituted or substituted; R5 is selected from CN, C02R9,C(O)NR10R11, -(CH2)nOH, -(CH2)nR10Rn, -C=CH, -C(S)NR10R11, -C(NH2)=NOR9, -C(R9)=NOR9, -C(NH2)NH, -C(O)R9 and an unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group which contains 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and which is unsubstituted or substituted; R6 and R7, which are the same or different, are selected from C1-C6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted, -(CH2)nX and -(CH2)nAr; or R6 and R7 form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a saturated five-, six-, seven- or eight-membered heterocyclic group which contains one nitrogen atom and 0 or from 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, which is unsubstituted or substituted and which optionally contains one or two bridgehead atoms; R10and R11,which are the same or different, are selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted, -(CH2)nC3-C10 cycloalkyl and -(CH2)nAr; or R10 and R11 form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a saturated five or six membered heterocyclic group which contains a nitrogen atom and 0 or from to 3 additional heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, which is unsubstituted or substituted and which is optionally fused to a benzene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted; n is the same or different when more than one is present within a given substituent group and is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 6; X is selected from -CN, -C02R9 and -NR10R11; R9 is the same or different when more than one is present within a given substituent group and is selected from -H, -QAr, -(CH2) nAr, C1-C6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted and -(CH2) nC3-C10cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl moiety is optionally fused to a benzene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted; Q is C2-C6 alkenylene or alkynylene; and Ar is an unsaturated C6-C10 membered carbocyclic group or an unsaturated 5-11 membered heterocyclic group, which groups are unsubstituted or substituted; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds have activity as inhibitors of MRP (multidrug resistant protein) and may thus be used to modulate multidrug resistance, for instance in potentiating the cytotoxicity of a chemotherapeutic agent.
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- Antagonism of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane stimulus with a newly identified 5-HT2- versus 5-HT(1C)-selective antagonist
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DOM [i.e., 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane] is a 5- HT(1C/2) serotonin agonist that exerts stimulus control of behavior in animals. In order to determine if the discriminative stimulus effect of DOM is 5-HT(1C)- or 5-HT2-mediated, it would be informative to conduct tests of stimulus antagonism with a 5-HT(1C)- or 5-HT2-selective antagonist. To date, no such agents exist. Although the neuroleptic agent spiperone binds at D2 dopamine receptors and 5-HT(1A) serotonin receptors, (a) it displays about a 1000-fold selectivity for 5-HT2 versus 5-HT(1C) sites and (b) it has been used as a '5-HT2-selective' antagonist. Because spiperone is a behaviorally disruptive agent, it is not suitable for use in drug-discrimination studies. Using the spiperone molecule as a starting point, a limited structure- affinity investigation was conducted in order to identify a suitable antagonist with high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT2 receptors, and yet an antagonist that might lack the disruptive actions of spiperone. Various modifications of the spiperone molecule were examined, but most resulted in decreased 5-HT2 affinity or in loss of selectivity. One compound, 8-[3-(4- fluorophenoxy)propyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one (26), was shown to bind at 5-HT2 sites with high affinity (K(i) = 2 nM) and >2,000- fold selectivity versus 5-HT(1C) sites. In tests of stimulus antagonism using rats trained to discriminate 1 mg/kg of DOM from saline vehicle, 26 behaved as a potent antagonist (ED50 = 0.003 mg/kg) and lacked the disruptive effects associated with spiperone. As such, (a) it would appear that the DOM stimulus is primarily a 5-HT2-mediated, and not 5-HT(1C)-mediated, phenomenon, and (b) compound 26 may find application in other pharmacologic investigations where spiperone may not be a suitable antagonist.
- Ismaiel,De los Angeles,Teitler,Ingher,Glennon
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p. 2519 - 2525
(2007/10/02)
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- 2,4-Diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolines. 2. 2-(4-Carbamoylpiperidino) Derivatives as α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists and Antihypertensive Agents
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A series of 4-amino-2-(4-carbamoylpiperidino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolines (2) were synthesized and evaluated for α-adrenoceptor affinity and antihypertensive activity.These compounds displayed high binding affinity (Ki, 10-9-10-10
- Alabaster, Valerie A.,Campbell, Simon F.,Danilewicz, John C.,Greengrass, Colin W.,Plews, Rhona M.
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p. 999 - 1003
(2007/10/02)
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- Facile Reduction of Pyridines with Nickel-Aluminum Alloy
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Nickel-aluminum alloy in dilute base can be used to reduce a variety of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinoline to the corresponding piperidines, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in good yield.The reaction is simple to perform, and high temperatures, high pressures, or hydrogen atmospheres are not required.The reaction is accelerated by substituents in the 2-position and by electron-withdrawing groups in the 3- and 4-positions while electron-supplying groups in the 3- and 4-positions retard the reaction.The major product isolated from the reduction of 2-phenylpyridine was 2-cyclohexylpiperidine hydrochloride.With isoniazid (1) and iproniazid (4) the pyridine ring is hydrogenated before the hydrazine is cleaved.
- Lunn, George,Sansone, Eric B.
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p. 513 - 517
(2007/10/02)
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- 4-Amino-2-piperidino-quinazolines
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Regulators of the cardiovascular system and, in particular, in the treatment of hypertension having the formula STR1 wherein R is lower alkyl; X, is a 3- or 4-position substituent and is --(CH2)n CONR1 R2, --O(C
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