- Fungicide chinomethionate as a new family of photoinducible DNA-cleaving agents
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It is demonstrated for the first time in this report that chinomethionate is capable of causing efficient DNA cleavage under mild irradiation conditions, a fungicide molecule that processes the simple group of 1,3-dithio-2-one as its reactive functionality.
- Qi, Jianying,Li, Tianhu,Chan, Albert S. C.
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Read Online
- Novel molecular targeting anti-tumor aza-steroid derivative based on lipid toxicity and preparation and application thereof
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The invention provides a novel molecular targeting anti-tumor aza-steroid derivative based on lipid toxicity and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of chemical medicines. The derivative is a compound as shown in a formula I, or a salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof. The compound is low in toxicity or basically non-toxic to normal cells, has an obvious inhibition effect to tumor cell lines, particularly has good lipid toxicity selectivity to tumor cells such as liver cancer, lung cancer and the like in vivo, and has an obvious inhibition effect; meanwhile, the compound can effectively activate SREBP1 and PPAR gamma, inhibit lipid transport MTTP, cause lipid aggregation in tumor cells and cause lipid toxicity of the tumor cells. The compound can be used for treating liver cancer, lung cancer and the like in a molecular targeting manner, is low in toxicity or even non-toxic, and has a good application prospect.
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Paragraph 0178; 0180; 0181; 0192; 0221
(2021/08/19)
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- Anti-MRSA drug discovery by ligand-based virtual screening and biological evaluation
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S. aureus resistant to methicillin (MRSA) is one of the most-concerned multidrug resistant bacteria, due to its role in life-threatening infections. There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics against MRSA. In this study, we firstly compiled a data set of 2,3-diaminoquinoxalines by chemical synthesis and antibacterial screening against S. aureus, and then performed cheminformatics modeling and virtual screening. The compound with the Specs ID of AG-205/33156020 was discovered as a new antibacterial agent, and was further identified as a Gyrase B (GyrB) inhibitor. In light of the common features, we hypothesized that the 6c as the representative of 2,3-diaminoquinoxalines also inhibited GyrB and eventually proved it. Via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we identified binding modes of AG-205/33156020 and 6c to the ATPase domain of GyrB. Importantly, these GyrB inhibitors inhibited the MRSA strains and showed selectivity to HepG2 and HUVEC. Taken together, this research work provides an effective ligand-based computational workflow for scaffold hopping in anti-MRSA drug discovery, and discovers two new GyrB inhibitors that are worthy of further development.
- Lian, Xu,Xia, Zhonghua,Li, Xueyao,Karpov, Pavel,Jin, Hongwei,Tetko, Igor V.,Xia, Jie,Wu, Song
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- A One-pot Facile Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroxyquinoxaline and 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline Derivatives Using Silica Gel as an Efficient Catalyst
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An efficient one-pot reaction has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline derivatives 3a–n. The reaction was performed in two steps via a silica gel catalyzed tandem process from o-phenylenediamine and oxalic acid, followed by addition of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3). A variety of 2,3-dichloroquinoxalines have been obtained in good to excellent overall yields. Eight known compounds 3a–3h were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopies. Compounds 3i–3n without spectroscopic data were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopies.
- Zhang, Pei-Ming,Li, Yao-Wei,Zhou, Jing,Gan, Lin-Ling,Chen, Yong-Jie,Gan, Zong-Jie,Yu, Yu
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p. 1809 - 1814
(2018/07/25)
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- A new solvent for the reaction of chlorination of hydroxyquinoxaline derivatives with vilsmeier reagent
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A new efficient procedure for the chlorination of hydroxyquinoxaline derivatives into the corresponding chlorides is described. It has been found that the use of 1-chlorobutane produces the highest yield, reduces the time of reaction and facilitates direct formation of crystals without any purification.
- Bouanane, Zohra,Bounekhel, Mahmoud,Elkolli, Meriem,Takfaoui, Abdelilah
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p. 903 - 906
(2018/04/09)
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- A new facile, efficient synthesis and structure peculiarity of quinoxaline derivatives with two benzimidazole fragments
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A highly efficient and versatile method for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives with two benzimidazole fragments have been developed on the basis of the ring contraction of 3-(benzimidazo-2-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one with 1,2-diaminobenzene and its various types of substituted and condensed derivatives. Owing to the inter- and intramolecular processes, involving self association, proton exchange, conformational, and/or tautomeric exchanges between several forms for most of the bis-benzimidazolylquinoxalines signals of bridged and neighboring carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms of the neighboring carbon atoms of benzimidazole fragments in the NMR spectra are broadened. The conjugation between the benzimidazole fragments and the quinoxaline core of the molecules is increased from the quinoxaline derivative (10c) to its thiadiazol[f]- (17) and pyrrolo[a]-(19) annulated derivatives, resulting in a greater planarity of the molecule as a whole.
- Mamedov, Vakhid A.,Zhukova, Nataliya A.,Syakaev, Victor V.,Gubaidullin, Aidar T.,Beschastnova, Tat'Yana N.,Adgamova, Dil'Bar I.,Samigullina, Aida I.,Latypov, Shamil K.
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supporting information
p. 1403 - 1416
(2013/02/23)
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- Pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines as inhibitors of firefly luciferase: Their Cu-mediated synthesis and evaluation as false positives in a reporter gene assay
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2-Substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines having free NH were prepared directly from 3-alkynyl-2-chloroquinoxalines in a single pot by using readily available and inexpensive methane sulfonamide (or p-toluene sulfonamide) as an ammonia surrogate. The reaction proceeded in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 affording the desired product in moderate yield. The crystal structure analysis of a representative compound and its supramolecular interactions are presented. Some of the compounds synthesized exhibited inhibitory activities against luciferase that was supported by the predictive binding mode of these compounds with luciferase enzyme through molecular docking studies. The key observations disclosed here can alert users of luciferase reporter gene assays for possible false positive results due to the direct inhibition of luciferase.
- Nakhi, Ali,Rahman, Md. Shafiqur,Kishore, Ravada,Meda, Chandana Lakshmi T.,Deora, Girdhar Singh,Parsa, Kishore V.L.,Pal, Manojit
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p. 6433 - 6441
(2012/11/07)
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- HETEROCYCLIC INHIBITORS OF HISTAMINE RECEPTORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE
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The present invention relates to compounds and methods which may be useful as inhibitors of H1R and/or H4R for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic, and ocular diseases.
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Page/Page column 85
(2011/10/05)
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- Synthesis of novel diphenylamine-based fluorescent styryl colorants and study of their thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties
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Three novel "Y"-shaped acceptor-π-donor-π-acceptor-type compounds were synthesized from 4,4′-(hexylimino)bis(benzaldehyde) as a donor and 2-methylthiazolo[4,5-b]quinoxaline derivatives as strong electron acceptors condensed by classical Knoevenagel condensation. Their absorption, emission, and thermal properties and electrochemical stability were investigated. It was found that the strong electron acceptor-donor chromophoric system of these compounds showed high Stokes shift, excellent thermal stability, and electrochemical reversibility. The solvatochromic behavior of these colorants was studied by using various solvents such as toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, and N,N-dimethylformamide in increasing order of polarity. The dyes were characterized by means of elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry. Springer-Verlag 2010.
- Sonawane, Yogesh A.,Rajule, Rajkumar N.,Shankarling, Ganapati S.
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scheme or table
p. 1145 - 1151
(2012/07/13)
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- HETEROCYCLIC INHIBITORS OF HISTAMINE RECEPTORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE
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The present invention relates to compounds and methods which may be useful as inhibitors of H1R and/or H4R for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic, and ocular diseases.
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Page/Page column 26-27
(2010/06/11)
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- Synthesis of 2,3-dichloroquinoxalines via vilsmeier reagent chlorination
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A convenient and high-yielding synthesis of 2,3-dichloroquinoxalines from the corresponding 2,3- dihydroxyquinoxalines has been developed. Treatment of a slurry of the 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline 1a-j with N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of excess thionylchloride in 1,2-dichloroethane results in the rapid and high-yielding formation of the 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline derivatives 2a-j. Simplified workup and purification procedures for these compounds are also described.
- Romer, Duane R.
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experimental part
p. 317 - 319
(2009/07/19)
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- Water superstructures within organic arrays; hydrogen-bonded water sheets, chains and clusters
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A strategy for encouraging the formation of extended water arrays is presented, in which molecules that contain a 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione core are used as supramolecular hosts for the accommodation of guest water molecules and arrays. These molecules were selected as they contain a hydrophilic oxalamide-based "terminus" that allows water molecules to hydrogen-bond to the host organic molecules as well as to each other. The host molecules also contain a hydrophobic "end" based upon an aromatic ring, which serves to encourage the formation of discrete water clusters in preference to three-dimensional networks, as the water molecules cannot form strong hydrogen bonds with this part of the molecule. A systematic study of several hydrated structures of four organic molecules based on 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (qd) is discussed. The organic molecules, qd, 6-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (mqd), 6,7-dimethyl-1,4- dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (dmqd) and 1,4-dihydrobenzo[g]-quinoxaline-2,3- dione (Phqd), act as supramolecular crystal hosts for the clusters of water, with zero-, one- and two-dimensional arrays of water being observed. The hydrogen bonding in the structures, both within the water clusters and between the clusters and organic molecules, is examined. In particular, the structure of dmqd·6H2O contains a two-dimensional water sheet composed of pentagonal and octagonal units. Phqd·3H2O forms a hydrophilic extended structure encouraging the formation of one-dimensional chains consisting entirely of water. Both qd·2H2O and dmqd·2H2O can be considered to form one-dimensional chains, but only by utilising bridging carbonyl groups of the oxalamide moieties to form the extended array; if only the water is considered, zero-dimensional water tetramers are observed. The remaining hydrated structures, [Na+ dmqd-]dmqd·H2O, dmqd·1/3H2O and mqd·1/2H2O, all contain discrete water molecules but do not form extended water structures.
- Oxtoby, Neil S.,Blake, Alexander J.,Champness, Neil R.,Wilson, Claire
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p. 4643 - 4654
(2007/10/03)
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- Ytterbium triflate catalyzed heterocyclization of 1,2-phenylenediamines and alkyl oxalates under solvent-free conditions via phillips reaction: A facile synthesis of quinoxaline-2,3-diones derivatives
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Ytterbium triflate are found to catalyze efficiently the Phillips-type heterocyclization reactions of 1,2-phenylenediamine and alkyl oxalate under solvent-free and mild conditions to afford the corresponding quinoxaline-2,3-dione derivatives in high yields. The catalyst could be recovered almost quantitatively from the aqueous layer after the reaction was completed and it could be reused in subsequent reaction without decrease in activity.
- Wang, Limin,Liu, Jijun,Tian, He,Qian, Changtao
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p. 1349 - 1357
(2007/10/03)
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- N-substituted heterocycles for the treatment of hypercholesteremia, dyslipidemia and other metabolic disorders; cancer, and other diseases
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The present invention relates to certain compounds of Formula (I) which can be useful in the treatment of diseases, such as, cancer, metabolic disorders, Type 2 Diabetes, dyslipidemia and/or hyperchloesterolemia:
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- Oxime derivatives for the treatment of dyslipidemia and hypercholesteremia
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The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) which may be useful in the treatment of diseases, such as, metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia and/or hyperchloesterolemia: 1
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- Alkyl, azido, alkoxy, and fluoro-substituted and fused quinoxalinediones
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Methods of treating or preventing neuronal loss associated with stroke, ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia, and surgery, as well as treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Down's syndrome, treating or preventing the adverse consequences of the hyperactivity of the excitatory amino acids, as well as treating anxiety, chronic pain, convulsions, and inducing anesthesia are disclosed by administering to an animal in need of such treatment an alkyl or azido-substituted 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have high binding to the glycine receptor.
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- Permanganate Oxidation of Quinoxaline and Its Derivatives
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The oxidation reaction of a series of quinoxaline derivatives, using KMnO4 in the presence or absence of NaOH, are described.Neutral oxidation of 2-chloro- and 2,3-dichlorodioxalines 2-4 afforded the corresponding chloro- and dichloropyrazinedicarboxilic acids 13 and 14 in good yield.On the other hand, oxidation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione derivatives in alkaline medium gave different products, with the quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (5) forming 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (9), while various substituted quinoxalin-2,3-dione derivatives (see 9-11) gave a new type of dimeric products.The structural assignments for the new compounds were based on spectroscopic data.
- Obafemi, Craig A.,Pfleiderer, Wolfgang
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p. 1549 - 1556
(2007/10/02)
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- Quinoxaline Derivatives. XII. The Reactions of Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides with Acetic Anhydride
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Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (XIIIa) with acetic anhydride gave 1-acetoxy-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (XIVa) which was prone to facile hydrolysis to yield 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (XVa).Both XIVa and XVa were isolated from the reaction mixture.On prolonged heating with acetic anhydride, XIIIa, XIVa and XVa were converted slowly to the same end product, 2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione (XXa). 6-Ethoxy- (XIIIb), 6-methoxy- (XIIIc), and 6-methylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (XIIId) behaved similarly, except that the attack of the reagent took place exclusively on N-oxide para to the electron-donating substituents, and none of the other expected isomeric compounds XVIIb-d were isolated.Whereas 6-chloroqinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (XIIIe) bearing an electron-attracting chloro substituent on the benzene ring gave exclusively the other isomers XVIIe, XVIIIe, and XXe.A mechanism for this novel rearrangement is proposed and discussed.
- Ahmed, Yusuf,Qureshi, M. Ikram,Habib, M. Saleem,Farooqi, M. Amir
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p. 1145 - 1148
(2007/10/02)
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- 2,4-Diaryl[1,3,4H]thiadiazines fused to quinoxalines
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Compounds are provided which have the formula: STR1 WHERE Ar1 and Ar2 are aromatic radicals and X and Y are 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms and conversely 3 to 2 carbon atoms which may have selected substitutes. Preferably, 2 adjacent carbon atoms (usually the 2 Y's) have a butadienyl or a substituted butadienyl attached thereto. The compounds are useful as dyes.
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