- Bicyclic imidazolium-based ionic liquids: synthesis and characterization
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We previously reported the use of imidazole as starting compound for preparing a bicyclic imidazolium ionic liquid, [b-3C-im][NTf2], with an overall 29% isolated yield in four synthetic steps. This new room temperature ionic liquid was shown to be far more chemically stable than commonly used [bmim][PF6], [bdmim][PF6], and [bdmim][NTf2]. Because of this intriguing chemical stability, it prompted us to develop a more generalized and high yielding synthesis so that molecular diversity of bicyclic ionic liquids may be explored. In this work, we amended the previous synthetic route by employing 4-chlorobutyronitrile or 5-chlorovaleronitrile as starting materials and successfully developed a five-step synthesis of a series of novel bicyclic imidazolium-based ionic liquids in 40-53% overall isolated yields. We investigated intrinsic reactivity of all bicyclic ionic liquids prepared and found that, under strongly basic conditions, among all tested ionic liquids the 5,5-membered [R-3C-im][NTf2] ionic liquids were most stable to solvent deuterium isotope exchange while the previously reported [bdmim][NTf2] ionic liquid was 50% deuterium exchanged at its C-2 methyl in 30 min at ambient temperature. Under identical condition, the commonly used [bmim][NTf2] ionic liquid was deuterium exchanged instantaneously at its C-2 hydrogen. In the absence of bases, only [bmim][PF6] was deuterium exchanged (50% within 1 h) and all other ionic liquids gave no detectable exchanges even after 25 days at ambient temperature. Moreover, both [bmim][NTf2] and [bdmim][NTf2] ionic liquids were readily methylated at C-2 position with methyl iodide under basic condition at room temperature. Under the same condition, [R-3C-im][NTf2] and [R-4C-im][NTf2] ionic liquids were completely stable and chemically inert. We envisioned that [R-3C-im][NTf2] should be well suited as solvents for organic synthesis.
- Kan, Huang-Chuan,Tseng, Ming-Chung,Chu, Yen-Ho
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- A General Catalyst Based on Cobalt Core–Shell Nanoparticles for the Hydrogenation of N-Heteroarenes Including Pyridines
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Herein, we report the synthesis of specific silica-supported Co/Co3O4 core–shell based nanoparticles prepared by template synthesis of cobalt-pyromellitic acid on silica and subsequent pyrolysis. The optimal catalyst material allows for general and selective hydrogenation of pyridines, quinolines, and other heteroarenes including acridine, phenanthroline, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, and indole under comparably mild reaction conditions. In addition, recycling of these Co nanoparticles and their ability for dehydrogenation catalysis are showcased.
- Beller, Matthias,Chandrashekhar, Vishwas G.,Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.,Kreyenschulte, Carsten,Murugesan, Kathiravan
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supporting information
p. 17408 - 17412
(2020/08/21)
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- ARYL, HETEROARYL, AND HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR TREATMENT OF MEDICAL DISORDERS
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Compounds, methods of use, and processes for making inhibitors of complement Factor D comprising Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof wherein R12 or R13 on the A group is an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycle (R32) are provided. The inhibitors of Factor D described herein reduce the excessive activation of complement.
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- NOVEL SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
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The present invention relates to a compound represented by Formula [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof: wherein: X1, X2, X3, and X4, which may be identical or different, are each C or N, provided that none to two of X1, X2, X3, and X4 is/are N; Y is CH or N; R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R3', R4, and R4', which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or the like; R5 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R6 and R7, which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or the like; R8 and R8', which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or the like; R9 is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group which may be substituted; and n is an integer from 1 to 3, and a PLK1 inhibitor or an anticancer agent containing the same.
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Page/Page column 57
(2010/11/27)
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- Expedient synthesis of substituted imidazoles from nitriles
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Expedient and practical new methodology for the synthesis of substituted imidazoles was developed to provide a rapid access to a variety of 2-substituted, 1,2-disubstituted and 1,2,4-trisubstituted imidazoles by the direct CuCl-mediated reaction of nitriles with α-amino acetals in an intermolecular as well as intramolecular fashion.
- Frutos, Rogelio P.,Gallou, Isabelle,Reeves, Diana,Xu, Yibo,Krishnamurthy, Dhileepkumar,Senanayake, Chris H.
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p. 8369 - 8372
(2007/10/03)
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- Radical cyclisation onto imidazoles and benzimidazoles
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New synthetic methodology has been developed for the synthesis of [1,2- a]fused imidazoles and benzimidazoles using intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution. In the intramolecular substitution, N-(ω-alkyl) radicals are generated using Bu3SnH from N-(ω-phenylselanyl)alkyl side chains. Phenylselanyl groups are used as radical leaving groups to avoid problems in the N-alkylation of imidazoles and benzimidazoles. Arylsulfones for imidazoles, and phenylsulfides for benzimidazoles, are used at the leaving groups in the homolytic substitutions.
- Aldabbagh, Fawaz,Bowman, W. Russell
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p. 4109 - 4122
(2007/10/03)
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- Radical cyclisation onto imidazoles and benzimidazoles
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A new protocol for the synthesis of [1,2-a]-fused benzimidazoles and imidazoles has been developed using intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution via ω-alkyl radicals generated from 1-(ω-benzeneselenylakyl)-2(benzenesulfenyl)- benzimidazoles and -2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)imidazoles.
- Aldabbagh, Fawaz,Bowman, W. Russell
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p. 3793 - 3794
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and antimuscarinic properties of some N-substituted 5- (aminomethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-2(3H)-furanones
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In a study aimed toward developing new, selective antimuscarinic drugs with potential utility in the treatment of urinary incontinence associated with bladder muscle instability, a series of N-substituted 5-(aminomethyl)- 3,3-diphenyl-2(3H)-furanones, conformationally-constrained lactone relatives of benactyzine, was prepared. The compounds were examined in several paradigms that measure muscarinic (M1, M2, and M3) receptor antagonist activity. Selected members of the series that displayed potency and/or selectivity in these tests were studied for their effects on urinary bladder contraction, mydriasis, and salivation in guinea pigs. These studies revealed that incorporation of the amino functionality into an imidazole or pyrazole ring resulted in some novel, potent, and selective antimuscarinic agents. Appropriate alkyl substitution of position 2 of the imidazole strikingly affected muscarinic, particularly M3, receptor activity and may reflect a complementary site of interaction. Some of the compounds selectively reduced bladder pressure in a cystometrogram (CMG) model without producing concomitant mydriatic and salivary effects. The separate and distinct action of several compounds of this series in these in vivo protocols suggests the possibility of subtypes of muscarinic receptors that may correspond to previously characterized molecular cloned subpopulations. In this article, structure-activity relationships for the series of substituted lactones are discussed. These studies led to the identification of (R)-[(2-isopropyl-1H- imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3,3-diphenyl-2(3H)-furanone (23) as a clinical candidate for treating urinary bladder dysfunction.
- Kaiser,Spagnuolo,Adams Jr.,Audia,Dupont,Hatoum,Lowe,Prosser,Sturm,Noronha-Blob
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p. 4415 - 4424
(2007/10/02)
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- 5-(1-(IMIDAZOL)METHYL)-3,3-DISUBSTITUTED-2(3H)FURANONE DERIVATIVES
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Furanone compounds and compositions having anticholinergic activity are described. The compounds have the formula: STR1 wherein: the dashed line indicates either the 4,5-unsaturated or the 4,5-dihydrofuranone ring;R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different and are hydrogen, thienyl, furanyl, or cycloalkyl (C. sub.3-C 6), benzyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl or substituted benzyl wherein the phenyl or benzyl group may be substituted with halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or hydroxy;R. sub.3, R 4 and R 5 may be the same or different and are hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkyl substituted with a halogen, alkoxy, amino or carboxylic acid group, an alkyl or alkylene bridge between R 4 and R. sub.5 or R 3 and the ring N, trifluoromethyl, nitro, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbons, halogen, benzyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl or substituted benzyl, for which the substituents are the same as those set forth for R 1 and R 2 substituted benzyl or phenyl.R 6 in the dihydrofuranone series is hydrogen or lower alkyl.Also described are the pharmaceutically acceptable quaternary alkyl and acid addition salts of such compounds. The compounds are particularly useful in the treatment of neurogenic bladder disorder and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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