- A magnetic nanoparticle supported Ni2+-containing ionic liquid as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines in a solvent-free dry-system
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The highly efficient synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) is reported via the condensation reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate, using an environmentally benign Ni2+-containing 1-methyl-3-(3-trimethoxysilylprop
- Safari, Javad,Zarnegar, Zohre
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Read Online
- Three methoxy-substituted diethyl 4-phenyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate compounds
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1,4-dihydropyridine compounds are used for treatment of hypertension. Their activity is supposed to arise from binding with a receptor site located in the α1 subunit. An ethanol solution of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, and amm
- Metcalf, Sara K.,Holt, Elizabeth M.
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Read Online
- One-pot, solvent free synthesis of hantzsch 1, 4-dihydropyridines using β-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular catalyst
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A novel, solvent free and efficient one pot synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives was achieved in good yields via three component reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate using inexpensive β- cyclodextrin as a supramolecular catalyst. The catalyst can be recovered and reused without loss of activity.
- Patil, Dipak R.,Dalal, Dipak S.
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Read Online
- Metal-free-mediated oxidation aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines to pyridines using visible light and air
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A metal-free and environmentally friendly aerobic aromatization photosensitized by organic dye eosin Y bis(tetrabutyl ammonium salt) (TBA-eosinY) has been developed. With the aid of K2CO3, the aerobic catalytic system converts 1,4-dihydropyridines to their corresponding pyridine derivatives efficiently under visible light irradiation (λ=450 nm) at room temperature.
- Wei, Xiaojing,Wang, Lin,Jia, Wenliang,Du, Shaofu,Wu, Lizhu,Liu, Qiang
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Read Online
- Dual solvent-catalyst role of deep eutectic solvents in Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis
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Deep eutectic solvents are a class of new generation green solvents formed from two or more components, which furnish a new homogeneous liquid phase with lower melting point than the individual components. Here, for the first time, dual role of DES as cat
- Shaibuna,Sreekumar
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supporting information
p. 1742 - 1753
(2021/04/09)
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- [Fesipmim]Cl as highly efficient and reusable catalyst for solventless synthesis of dihydropyridine derivatives through Hantzsch reaction
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Abstract: In the present investigation, magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (ferrite NPs) were synthesized and coated with silica (ferrite?SiO2NPs) by using the sol-gel method. After that, silica propylmethylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid [Sipmim]Cl was prepared and linked with the above-prepared ferrite?SiO2NPs to synthesize ferrite silica propylmethylimidazolium chloride [Fesipmim]Cl catalyst. The formation of [Fesipmim]Cl catalyst was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the structure of ferrite NPs and ferrite?SiO2 NPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evidenced the successful formation of ferrite NPs and ferrite?SiO2 NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed the change in morphology of ferrite NPs, ferrite?SiO2NPs and [Fesipmim]Cl. The magnetic properties of [Fesipmim]Cl catalyst were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The efficiency of the [Fesipmim]Cl catalyst was checked by using it for the synthesis of different derivatives of dihydropyridine through Hantzsch reaction via a three-component coupling reaction of substituted benzaldehydes, ethyl/ methyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate. The formation and structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectral analyses. The reusability of the catalyst [Fesipmim]Cl was checked up to seven cycles and found to have excellent activity up to five cycles. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Agrwal, Akansha,Kasana, Virendra
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- Search for Antimicrobial Activity Among Fifty-Two Natural and Synthetic Compounds Identifies Anthraquinone and Polyacetylene Classes That Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens to undermine global control programs by limiting treatment options. New antimicrobial drugs are required, derived from new chemical classes. Natural products offer extensive chemical diversity and inspiration for synthetic chemistry. Here, we isolate, synthesize and test a library of 52 natural and synthetic compounds for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We identify seven compounds as antimycobacterial, including the natural products isobavachalcone and isoneorautenol, and a synthetic chromene. The plant-derived secondary metabolite damnacanthal was the most active compound with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 13.07 μg/mL and a favorable selectivity index value. Three synthetic polyacetylene compounds demonstrated antimycobacterial activity, with the lowest MIC of 17.88 μg/mL. These results suggest new avenues for drug discovery, expanding antimicrobial compound chemistries to novel anthraquinone and polyacetylene scaffolds in the search for new drugs to treat drug-resistant bacterial diseases.
- Pollo, Luiz A. E.,Martin, Erlon F.,Machado, Vanessa R.,Cantillon, Daire,Wildner, Leticia Muraro,Bazzo, Maria Luiza,Waddell, Simon J.,Biavatti, Maique W.,Sandjo, Louis P.
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- Diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative for inducing cell apoptosis, a method for producing the same, and an anticancer drug containing the same
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The present invention relates to a diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative which induces cell apoptosis, a method of manufacturing the same, and an anti-cancer drug containing the same. A compound represented by chemical form
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Paragraph 0133-0136; 0155-0156; 0158-0159
(2019/04/05)
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- MIL-101-SO3H metal-organic framework as a Br?nsted acid catalyst in Hantzsch reaction: An efficient and sustainable methodology for one-pot synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine
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A straightforward and efficient methodology for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine has been developed using MIL-101-SO3H metal-organic framework as a solid Br?nsted acid. The presence of the uniformly distributed Br?nsted acidic sulfonic acid sites throughout the framework and the high stability bestow the catalyst with excellent reactivity towards the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine under simple reaction conditions using renewable ethanol as the solvent. The present methodology tolerates various functional groups and allows the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields through Hantzsch reaction. The developed methodology proceeds under mild conditions, avoids corrosive reagents and special reaction conditions, and is amenable to gram scale synthesis. The sustainable nature of the catalyst was proved by the easy recovery and the reusability of the catalyst, as it was reused several times without loss in activity, which was confirmed from the FTIR, PXRD and SEM analyses of the reused catalyst.
- Devarajan, Nainamalai,Suresh, Palaniswamy
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p. 6806 - 6814
(2019/05/10)
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- Preparation and characterization of doped Sr.2Co.8Fe12O19 hexaferrite: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for one pot synthesis of 1,4-dyhydropyridine derivatives
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A clean and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives using aromatic aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate using cobalt doped strontium hexaferrite under microwave irradiation conditions. This pr
- Aswar,Ladole
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p. 1525 - 1530
(2020/06/27)
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- Synthetic diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates induce apoptosis
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Background: The Hantzsch ester, diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, has been used as a hydride donor and its various biological effects have been reported. To identify chemotherapeutic agents with apoptotic effects, 21 diethyl 2,6-
- Ahn, Seunghyun,Lee, Youngshim,Park, Jihyun,Lee, Junho,Shin, Soon Y.,Lee, Young H.,Koh, Dongsoo,Lim, Yoongho
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p. 851 - 862
(2018/11/30)
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- Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of Ca2 + channel blockers 1,4-dihydropyridines analogues against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis: SAR analysis
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Drugs containing the1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) core have recently attracted attention concerning their antiparasitic effect against various species of Leishmania and Trypanosoma. This approach named drugs repositioning led to interesting results, which have prompted us to prepare 21 DHP's analogues. The 1,4-DHP scaffold was decorated with different function groups at tree points including the nitrogen atom (NH and N-phenyl), the aryl group attached to C-4 (various substituted aryl residues) and the carbon atoms 2 and 6 (bearing Ph or Me groups). Moreover, the products were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on three cancer and a non-tumoral cell lines. Only 6 of them were antiproliferative and their weak effect (CC50 comprised between 27 and 98 μM) suggested these DHPs as good candidates against the intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis and T. cruzi. L. amazonensis was sensitive to DHPs 5, 11 and 15 (IC50 values at 15.11, 45.70 and 53.13 μM, respectively) while 12 of them displayed significant to moderate trypanocidal activities against T. cruzi. The best trypanocidal activities were obtained with compounds 2, 18 and 21 showing IC50 values at 4.95, 5.44, and 6.64 μM, respectively. A part of the N-phenylated DHPs showed a better selectivity than their NH analogues towards THP-1 cells. 4-Chlorophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl and 3-nitrophenyl residues attached to the carbon atom 4 turned to be important sub-structures for the antitrypanosomal activity.
- Pollo, Luiz A.E.,de Moraes, Milene H.,Cisilotto, Júlia,Creczynski-Pasa, Tania B.,Biavatti, Maique W.,Steindel, Mario,Sandjo, Louis P.
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p. 789 - 797
(2017/09/23)
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- Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine esters using low-melting sugar mixtures as green solvents
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Several low-melting sugar mixtures (LMMs) were synthesized and used for preparation of 1,4-dihydropyridines with aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and a nitrogen source as starting materials. Good yields, low reaction times, recyclability of LMMs, and catalyst-free methodology are some of the highlights of this new protocol.
- Kumar, J. Ashwin,Shridhar, Gomathi,Ladage, Savita,Ravishankar, Lakshmy
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supporting information
p. 1989 - 1998
(2016/12/09)
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- Synthesis and characterization of Ni(II)-Vanillin-Schiff base-MCM-41 composite as an efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for multicomponent reactions
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An efficient heterogeneous catalyst (Ni(ii)-Vanillin-Schiff base-MCM-41) has been synthesized by immobilization of nickel(ii)-vanillin complex on MCM-41 nanostructure and characterized by XRD, TGA, BET, EDS, SEM, ICP-OES, TEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. The catalytic activity and stability of the prepared compound has been studied in some multicomponent reactions with polyhydroquinoline, 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-trione and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives under mild condition reactions. All the reactions were carried out in the presence of water as the solvent and under solvent-free conditions. The simple work up, mild conditions, excellent yield, inexpensive and non-toxic catalyst; makes this protocol both attractive and economically viable. More importantly, this catalyst can be reused several times without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.
- Nikoorazm, Mohsen,Ghorbani-Choghamarani, Arash,Khanmoradi, Maryam
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p. 56549 - 56561
(2016/07/06)
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- Chitosan nanoparticles as a green and renewable catalyst in the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine under solvent-free conditions
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In the present study, chitosan nanoparticles were obtained by the gelation of chitosan by heptamolybdate anions and dried with dry CO2 for 30 minutes. Chitosan nanoparticles efficiently proceeded the Hantzsch reaction at 80 °C under metal and solvent free conditions. The present method offers several advantages such as a simple procedure, green conditions, excellent yields and short reaction time.
- Safari, Javad,Azizi, Fatemeh,Sadeghi, Masoud
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p. 1905 - 1909
(2015/03/18)
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- Synthesis of diethyl 4-substituted-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates as a new series of inhibitors against yeast α-glucosidase
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1,4-Dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivatives (1-25) were synthesized in high yields via Hantzsch reaction and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1, 2, 6-8, 11, 13-15, and 23-25 showed a potent inhibitory activity against yeast α-glucosidase with IC50 values in the range of 35.0-273.7 μM, when compared with the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 937 ± 1.60 μM). Their structures were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The kinetics, selectivity, and toxicity studies on these compounds were also carried out. The kinetic studies on most active compounds 14 and 25 determined their modes of inhibition and dissociation constants Ki. Compound 14 was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor with Ki = 25.0 ± 0.06, while compound 25 was identified as a competitive inhibitor with Ki = 66.0 ± 0.07 μM.
- Niaz, Huma,Kashtoh, Hamdy,Khan, Jalaluddin A. J.,Khan, Ajmal,Wahab, Atia-Tul,Alam, Muhammad Tanveer,Khan, Khalid Mohammed,Perveen, Shahnaz,Choudhary, M. Iqbal
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p. 199 - 209
(2015/04/14)
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- Comparative study of catalytic potential of TBAB, BTEAC, and CTAB in one-pot synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines under aqueous medium
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Convenient and straightforward tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), benzyltrienthylammonium chloride (BTEAC), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) catalyzed synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) in water was established for the first time. The catalytic potential of phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) in three different concentrations was envisioned. Aryl aldehydes and hetero aryl aldehydes afforded good yields of 1,4-DHPs in TBAB and BTEAC reactions. In particular, furfuraldehyde and thienyl-2-carbaldehyde produced excellent yields. Isolation of the products through nonchromatographic methods, good to excellent yields, and benign reaction conditions are the major advantages of this protocol.
- Ananda Kumar, T. Durai,Mohan,Subrahmanyam,Satyanarayana
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p. 574 - 582
(2014/01/23)
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- Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine synthesis in aqueous ethanol by visible light
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A highly efficient environment-friendly Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine synthesis under visible light in aqueous ethanol has been achieved in excellent yield via a one-pot three component reaction of various types of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium hydroxide solution.
- Ghosh, Somnath,Saikh, Forid,Das, Jhantu,Pramanik, Arun Kumar
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supporting information
p. 58 - 62
(2013/02/21)
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- Zn[(L)-proline], as a recyclable and green catalyst for efficient and one-pot three-component synthesis of 1,4-Dihydro- pyridines under solvent-free and microwave irradiation conditions
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Zn[(L)-proline], was faund to be efficient, green, and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines by condensation reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate in high to excellent yields under solvent-free and microwave irradiation conditions. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as a simple procedure with an easy workup, high yields, and the absence of any volatile and hazardous organic solvent. Morever, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused at least three time with only slight reduction in its catalytic activity.
- Montazeri, Naser,Pourshamsian, Khalil,Zoghi, Rozita,Mahjoob, Saber
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experimental part
p. 103 - 107
(2012/08/07)
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- PEG-mediated catalyst-free synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines and polyhydroquinoline derivatives
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Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines and polyhydroquinoline derivatives were synthesized in good yields by PEG-mediated, catalyst-free synthesis under solvent-free conditions. The products were directly recrystallized from hot methanol. The reaction gave excellent yields with low- as well as high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Siddaiah,Basha, G. Mahaboob,Rao, G. Padma,Prasad, U. Viplava,Rao, R. Suryachendra
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experimental part
p. 627 - 634
(2011/12/22)
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- A new In-SiO2 composite catalyst in the solvent-free multicomponent synthesis of Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine and nemadipine B
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An In-SiO2 composite was prepared by the sol-gel method and was applied as a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst in the multicomponent Hantzsch synthesis of symmetrical and non-symmetrical 1,4-DHPs. The Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine and nemadipine B were synthesized in a single step through a solvent-free protocol. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2012.
- Affeldt, Ricardo F.,Benvenutti, Edilson V.,Russowsky, Dennis
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experimental part
p. 1502 - 1511
(2012/07/30)
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- Photophysical properties of a series of 4-aryl substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines
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In this article, a series of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines with different substituted aryl groups were synthesized and its spectral data obtained by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies in solution. The dihydropyridines present absor
- Affeldt, Ricardo Ferreira,Iglesias, Rodrigo Sebastian,Rodembusch, Fabiano Severo,Russowsky, Dennis
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p. 769 - 777
(2012/10/29)
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- Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines
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Here in, we report the usage of cellulose sulfuric acid as a heterogeneous eco friendly catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4 dihydropyridines under solvent free conditions via Hantzsch three component reaction of an aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate at 100 °C for 2-5 h. In silico studies were performed on twenty two possible 1,4 dihydropyridines (DHPs) analogues against K+ channel receptor (KcsA). In order to validate in silico studies, thirteen compounds were synthesized and evaluated as antibacterials against twenty seven ESBL isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.
- Murthy,Rajack, Abdul,Taraka Ramji,Jeson Babu,Praveen, Ch.,Aruna Lakshmi
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p. 6016 - 6023
(2012/11/07)
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- Silica sulfuric acid: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines under mild and solvent-free conditions
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A series of 1,4-dihydropyridines have been prepared by a one-pot condensation of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst silica sulfuric acid at room temperature under solvent-free condition. This new protocol has the advantage of short reaction time and excellent yields, and is an environmentally benign route to the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines.
- Datta, Bandita,Pasha, M. Afzal
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experimental part
p. 1180 - 1184
(2012/06/04)
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- Silica Sulfuric Acid: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines under Mild and Solvent-Free Conditions
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A series of 1,4-dihydropyridines have been prepared by a one-pot condensation of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst silica sulfuric acid at room temperature under solvent-free condition. This new protocol has the advantage of short reaction time and excellent yields, and is an environmentally benign route to the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines.
- Datta, Bandita,Pasha, M. Afzal
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p. 1180 - 1184
(2016/04/10)
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- Nano aluminium nitride as a solid source of ammonia for the preparation of hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines and bis-(1,4-dihydropyridines) in water via one pot multicomponent reaction
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Nano aluminium nitride in the presence of water acts as solid source of ammonia, which is used for the preparation of 1,4-dihydropyridines and bis-(1,4-dihydropyridines). An efficient and simple procedure for the one-pot synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine and bis-(1,4-dihydropyridine) derivatives was achieved by combination of methyl acetoacetate or ethyl acetoacetate with aldehydes or dialdehydes and aluminium nitride at 80 °C in water in high purity and good yields.
- Ghorbani-Choghamarani, Arash,Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali,Hajjami, Maryam,Goudarziafshar, Hamid,Nikoorazm, Mohsen,Yousefi, Somaieh,Tahmasbi, Bahman
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experimental part
p. 525 - 531
(2011/10/18)
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- Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines using Ce(SO4)2-SiO2 as catalyst under solvent-free conditions
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A facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines from aldehyde, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and ammonium acetate in the presence of Ce(SO4)2-SiO2 at 80 °C under solvent-free conditions is described. Compared with the classical Hantzsch reaction, this novel method consistently has the advantages of excellent yields and short reaction time.
- Pei, Wen,Wang, Qin,Li, Xiaonian,Sun, Li
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experimental part
p. 483 - 486
(2010/10/02)
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- Sulfonic acid-functionalized silica: A remarkably efficient heterogeneous reusable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridines
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An efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridines from β-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehyde, and ammonium acetate is reported using sulfonic acid-functionalized silica at 90 ° C under solvent-free conditions with good to excellent yields. The catalyst is easily prepared, stable (up to 300 ° C), reusable, and efficiently used under reaction conditions. tuebitak.
- Mohammadi, Behzad,Hosseini Jamkarani, Sayyed Mohammad,Kamali, Taghi A.,Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud,Mohajeri, Ali
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experimental part
p. 613 - 619
(2010/11/05)
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- Cu(OTf)2 Catalyzed high yield synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines
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Copper(II) triflate catalyzes efficiently the three-component condensation of aldehydes, β-ketoesters and ammonium acetate in acetonitrile at 25°C to afford the corresponding Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines in high yields.
- Paraskar, Abhimanyu S.,Sudalai, Arumugam
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p. 331 - 335
(2008/02/09)
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- Rapid and cleaner synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines in aqueous medium
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The present investigation deals with a novel water soluble Lewis acid complex, Zn[(L)proline]2 catalyzed Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives syntheses in aqueous medium assisted by microwave irradiation. The microwave promoted syntheses in aqueous medium afforded moderate to excellent yield (up to 98%) within short reaction time and allowed the reaction to take place with low microwave power (200 W). This synthetic methodology provides easier separation of products and the catalyst exhibits recycling ability without loss of its catalytic activity up to five reaction cycles.
- Sivamurugan,Vinu,Palanichamy,Murugesan
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p. 267 - 271
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines under solvent-free condition using Zn[(L)proline]2 as Lewis acid catalyst
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The present short communication describes a Lewis acid (Zn[(L)proline] 2) catalysed one pot synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives under solvent-free condition by conventional heating and microwave irradiation. The Lewis acid catalyst Zn[(L)proline]2 used in this reaction afford moderate to good yield. The catalyst is reusable upto five cycles without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.
- Sivamurugan,Kumar, R. Suresh,Palanichamy,Murugesan
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p. 969 - 974
(2007/10/03)
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- A convenient ferric chloride catalyzed synthesis of 5-alkoxycarbonyl-4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under microwave irradiation
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A series of ethyl 4-aryl-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one-5-carboxylates 4 were synthesized by the condensation of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and urea in the presence of ferric chloride hexahydrate under microwave irradiation. The reactions were completed in 4-6 min with 87-92% yield.
- Tu, Shu-Jiang,Zhou, Jian-Feng,Cai, Pei-Jun,Wang, Hai,Feng, Jun-Cai
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p. 147 - 151
(2007/10/03)
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