96-18-4 Usage
Description
1,2,3-Trichloropropane, also known as allyl trichloride, glycerol trichlorohydrin, and trichlorohydrin, is a synthetic chemical compound that exists as an intermediate in certain pesticides. It is a colorless, heavy liquid with a sweet but strong chloroform-like odor and is combustible. It is slightly soluble in water but soluble in chloroform, diethyl ether, and ethanol. On contact with heat/fire, it releases off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases). It evaporates very quickly and small amounts dissolve in water. It is mainly used to make other chemicals.
Used in Chemical Industry:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacturing of chemicals such as epoxy resins, polysulfone liquid polymers, dichloropropene, and hexafluoropropylene.
Used in Paint and Varnish Removal:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is used as a paint and varnish remover due to its solvent properties.
Used in Cleaning and Degreasing:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is used as a cleaning and degreasing agent for various applications.
Used in Soil Fumigation:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane has been used as a soil fumigant.
Used in Polysulfide Polymers:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is used as a "branching" or curing agent in polysulfide polymers, which are used as sealants for aircraft fuel tanks and bodies.
It should be noted that 1,2,3-trichloropropane is a persistent groundwater pollutant and a potential human carcinogen.
Source
Produced in large quantities as an epichlorohydrin production byproduct, TCP is a synthetic compound that does not occur naturally in the environment. In the agrochemical industry, TCP is formed via the manufacture of dichloropropene-derived nematicides (pesticides used to kill parasitic nematodes), and it is also present as an impurity in these soil fumigants. As a result, application of these products has produced significant atmosphere, soil, and groundwater contamination, which in turn can induce various health problems in wildlife and humans. The toxicological effects of TCP depend on dose and duration, but can range from kidney and liver damage to tumors and cancers.
health standards
The EPA has established drinking water health advisories for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, which are drinking water specific risk level concentrations for cancer (10-4 cancer risk) and concentrations of drinking water contaminants at which noncancer adverse health effects are not anticipated to occur over specific exposure durations. EPA established a 1-day health advisory of 0.6 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and a 10-day health advisory of 0.6 mg/L for TCP in drinking water for a 10 kilogram (kg) child (EPA 2012a).
Reference
Samin, G, and D. B. Janssen. "Transformation and biodegradation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP). " Environmental Science & Pollution Research 19.8(2012): 3067-3078.
Liu, P., et al. "Successful therapy with hemoperfusion and plasma exchange in acute 1,2,3-trichloropropane poisoning." Human & Experimental Toxicology 31.5(2012): 523-527.
Reactivity Profile
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. Sensitive to heat. May react with active metals, strong caustics and oxidizing agents. Attacks some plastics, rubber and some coatings .
Health Hazard
Inhalation of vapor causes anesthesia, dizziness, and nausea. Vapor is highly irritating by inhalation routes and moderately irritating by dermal routes. Exposure of eyes to vapor may result in slight, transient injury to the cornea.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of its vapors can produce depres sion of the central nervous system, which canprogress to narcosis and convulsion as theconcentration increases. A 30-minute expo sure to a 5000-ppm concentration causedconvulsions in rats. Acute as well as chronicexposure to high concentrations can causeliver damage. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is moretoxic than its 1,1,1-isomer. Acute oral tox icity is moderate, with LD50 values rang ing between 300 and 550 mg/kg in differentspecies of experimental animals. The liquidis a strong irritant to the eyes.
Fire Hazard
Combustible liquid; flash point (closed cup)
73°C (164°F), (open cup) 82°C (180°F).
Vapors of 1,2,3-trichloropropane form explo sive mixtures with air, with LEL and UEL
values of 3.2% and 12.6% by volume in air,
respectively. The compound reacts vigorously
with alkali metals, powdered magnesium, or
aluminum; caustic alkalies; and oxidizers.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen.
Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by
inhalation and skin contact. Experimental
reproductive effects. A skin and severe eye
irritant. Mutation data reported. Moderately
flammable by heat, flames (sparks), or
powerful oxidizers. See also ALLYL
COMPOUNDS and CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC. When
heated to decomposition it yields hghly
toxic Cl-. To fight fre, use water (as a
blanket), spray, mist, dry chemical.
Potential Exposure
Trichloropropane dissolves oils, fats,
waxes, chlorinated rubber; and numerous resins; it is used
as a paint and varnish remover; a solvent; and a degreasing
agent.
Carcinogenicity
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Environmental fate
Chemical/Physical. The hydrolysis rate constant for 1,2,3-trichloropropane at pH 7 and 25 °C
was determined to be 1.8 x 10-6/h, resulting in a half-life of 43.9 yr (Ellington et al., 1988). The
hydrolysis half-lives decrease at varying pHs and temperature. At 87 °C, the hydrolysis half-lives
at pH values of 3.07, 7.12, and 9.71 were 21.1, 11.6, and 0.03 d, respectively (Ellington et al.,
1986). By analogy to 1,2-dibromo-2-chloropropane, the following hydrolysis products would be
formed: 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, 2,3-dichloropropene, epichlorohydrin, 1-chloro-2,3-
dihydroxypropane, glycerol, 1-hydroxy-2,3-propylene oxide, 2-chloro-3-hydroxypropene, and
HCl (Kollig, 1993).
The volatilization half-life of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1 mg/L) from water at 25 °C using a
shallow-pitch propeller stirrer at 200 rpm at an average depth of 6.5 cm was 56.1 min (Dilling,
1977).
Toxicity evaluation
It is currently believed that TCP itself has very low activity,
while its metabolites mainly cause toxicity, carcinogenicity, and
other effects. The liver can metabolize TCP by cytochrome P450
enzymes to give reactive intermediates, which bind to glutathione
or other protein for excretion. The reactive intermediates
can bind to DNA, proteins, and other molecules and cause
hepatocellular damage, gene mutation, and organ dysfunction.
Activation of the molecule may occur by reaction with glutathione.
The metabolites (e.g., dichloroacetone) accumulated
through glutathione depletion and consequently covalent
binding to DNA and other macromolecules such as microsomal
proteins.
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Violent decomposition
with chemically active metals; strong bases. Keep away
from chlorinated rubber, resins and waxes; and sunlight.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 96-18-4 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 9 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 96-18:
(4*9)+(3*6)+(2*1)+(1*8)=64
64 % 10 = 4
So 96-18-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C3H5Cl3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3H,1-2H2
96-18-4Relevant articles and documents
Continuous flow preparation method 1,trichlorhydrin
-
Paragraph 0013-0023, (2021/10/20)
The invention relates to a continuous flow preparation method of 1,when 3 - chloropropene liquid and liquid chlorine are pumped into the reaction device through the metering pump, and the reaction is continuously reacted under -20 - 30 °C conditions to obtain 1,trichlorhydrin. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages of small liquid holding amount, large liquid chlorine gas flux, good mass transfer heat transfer effect, short reaction time, no byproduct generation, less occupied area, high product yield and high content, and is safe and reliable in reaction and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Synthesis method of 2,3-dichloropropene
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Paragraph 0036-0041, (2018/11/03)
The invention discloses a synthesis method of 2,3-dichloropropene. The synthesis method comprises the step that 2,3-dichloropropene is obtained through cleavage reaction of 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Thesynthesis method is simple in technology, continuous production is adopted to change a gas-liquid reaction into a gas-gas reaction, the reaction route is short, the cost is low, the benefit is high,and the mole yield is 98% (relative to 1,2,3-trichloropropane). The production efficiency and the equipment utilization rate are high, nitrogen is utilized to dilute and protect 2,3-dichloropropene, the product quality is stable, and the technology is safe and reliable. The technological design is reasonable, the process is safe and controllable, the production fee is low, and no waste water is generated.
Traditional Chinese medicine composition and preparation method and application thereof
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Paragraph 0036; 0037; 0038; 0040, (2018/11/03)
The invention provides traditional Chinese medicines. According to the traditional Chinese medicines, based on the traditional Chinese medicine principle of 'monarch, minister, assistant and guide', the traditional Chinese medicines are reasonablu prepared and are compatible with one another, and thus the purpose of preventing and curing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is achieved; inthe traditional Chinese medicines, radix ginseng, sanguis draconis, crocus sativus, a ginkgo folium extract and lumbrukinase can improve blood microcirculation in a synergistic mode, blood vessels areexpanded, and discharging of blood poison of heavy metals, lactic acid, fat and the like in the blood is promoted; radix notoginseng, hirudo, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, gastrodiae rhizoma, faeces trogopterori, persicae semen, eupolyphaga, rhizoma chuanxiong and liquidambar infructescence have the efficacy of decreasing the blood pressure, reducing blood fat, improving the human body immunity and clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, the rest medicines are matched for promoting blood microcirculation and achieving the efficacy of clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, and thus the medicine effect is promoted; the medicines are compatible to clear and activate the channels and collaterals, dredge the blood vessels and make blood circulation more smooth, andthe traditional Chinese medicines can effectively prevent and cure the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. According to a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicines composition, effective components of ginkgo folium total flavone glycosides and ginkgo folium total lactone in ginkgo folium can be fully extracted, the pertinence of the method is high, and the extraction efficiency of effective components of the medicines is high.
