9003-28-5 Usage
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 9003-28-5 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Polybutene is generally water-white, reaching less than 50 on APHA color scale. (typically less than 10) The product remains very stable after being prolonged exposure to UV light. Polybutene is more stable than conventional mineral oil with same APHA color.
Polybutene is a non-polar hydrocarbon polymer hence it has high solubility in aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated solvents. It is compatible with a wide variety of organic materials, for instance, synthetic hydrocarboon polymers including wax, rosin, asphalt and gum.
Polybutene is safe to use, because it is non-toxic. Polybutene is allowed by the FDA for a wide variety of applications as components of articles.
2. Polybutene (polybutylene) (PB) is manufactured by stereospecific ZieglerNatta polymerization of l-butene:Commercial products are predominantly isotactic (98-99.5%) and of high
molecular weight (Mw=2.3 x 105-7.5 x 105). An unusual feature of the polymer is that it can exist in several distinct crystalline forms. Crystallization
from the melt yields the metastable Form II, which changes to the stable
Form lover a period of 5 to 7 days at room temperature. Other crystalline
forms maybe obtained from solution. Form I has a crystalline melting point
of 135°C and a density of 0.95 g/cm3 . Form II has a crystalline melting point
of 124°C and a density of 0.89 g/cm3.Polybutene has properties to be expected from a crystalline polyolefin. It
has a melting point and stiffness between those of high density and low
density polyethylene. Its thermal stability lies between that of polyethylene
and polypropylene. The polymer exhibits resistance to oxidizing and chemical environments broadly similar to that shown by polypropylene; like
polypropylene, polybutene is immune from environmental stress cracking.
An outstanding property of poly butene is its high creep resistance, due
probably to the prevention of slippage of the polymer chains by the large
number of ethyl side chains and the high molecular weight of commercial
polymers. The main commercial application of polybutehe is in extruded
pipe, which has good resistance to rupture under pressure. Such pipe finds use
in hot and cold water plumbing and for the transport of abrasive or corrosive
materials.
Physical properties
Polybutenes are light colored, nondrying, sticky, viscous liquids. They are stable when exposed to light, insoluble in water, and soluble in hydrocarbon and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. Polybutene-1 has a density of 0.92g/cm3 and a melting range of 124°C-130°C.
Polybutene is available in a variety of grades. The differences depend on viscosity, which increases directly in proportion to increasing molecular weight.
Polybutene films have a high resistance to stress cracking, and low stress deformation.
Uses
polybutene is a binder and viscosity-increasing agent used more in makeup than skin care preparations. Polybutene is a polymer of one or more butylenes obtained from petroleum oils.
Application
Fuel and lubricant additives – Fuel dispersants, lubricant dispersants
Adhesives
Caulk and sealants
Gum base
Wrap film
Lubricants – Two-stroke engine oil, lubricant for rolling wire drawing, compressor oil and viscosity index improvers (VIIs)
Electrical insulation
Others – Asphalt modifier, resin plasticiser, rubber modifier and dispersing agents
Preparation
Passman describes an industrial preparation of Polybutene in which a solution of 1-butene is dried and fed into a reaction chamber. A Zeigler-Natta reagent (TiCI3, and diethyl aluminum chloride) is added to catalyze the polymerization process. The molecular weight of the end product is limited by the reaction temperature used in the chamber.
Health Hazard
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles or face shield; Symptoms Following Exposure: Low toxicity. Vapor may act as a simple asphyxiant in high concentrations; General Treatment for Exposure: INHALATION: remove victim from exposure; Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value): Data not available; Short-Term Inhalation Limits: Data not available; Toxicity by Ingestion: Grade 0, LD50 > 15 g/kg; Late Toxicity: None; Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics: Vapors are nonirritating to the eyes and throat; Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics: No appreciable hazard. Practically harmless to the skin; Odor Threshold: Data not available.
Chemical Reactivity
Polybutenes undergo combustion, pyrolysis, and autoxidation; the latter two can occur during analytical treatment. Their low polarity, low degree of unsaturation, and their closely packed, branched-chain molecular structure make Polybutenes resistant to chemical reaction.
Toxicity evaluation
According to CTFA (2006b), laboratory tests with approved surrogate systems/animals revealed that skin contact testing showed only slight irritation (primary dermal irritation score [PDIS] of 1.5/8.0). There were no observed sensitivity reactions. Also, acute dermal irritation testing indicated that polybutenes are practically nontoxic because the LDso is greater than 10, 250 mg/kg. Lastly, polybutenes are relatively nontoxic when tested in an acute oral test (LDso > 34,600 mg/kg, rat).
In the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) safety assessment of the chemically related ingredient, Polybutene (Elder 1982), a 2-year chronic oral toxicity study of Polybutene H-IOO (75% concentrate) in Charles River albino rats was presented. The animals were separated into four groups of 60 (30 males and 30 females per group). The animals were given 0 (control), 800 (0.08%), 4000 (0.40%), or 20,000 (2.0%) ppm Polybutene blended into their regular diets. The rats were monitored for their body weights, mortality and reactions, tumor incidence, and hematologic, urologic, and pathologic changes. After 12 months of testing, five animals from each group were killed for evaluation. No gross or microscopic pathological changes could be COrrelated with Polybutene ingestion. No significant differences were found after 24 months of feeding in the body weights or weight of food consumption, hematological results, urology, or tumor formation between the animals fed Polybutene and those that were not.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 9003-28-5 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 9,0,0 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 9003-28:
(6*9)+(5*0)+(4*0)+(3*3)+(2*2)+(1*8)=75
75 % 10 = 5
So 9003-28-5 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C4H8/c1-3-4-2/h3H,1,4H2,2H3
9003-28-5Relevant articles and documents
Nickle-Schiff base covalently grafted to UiO-66-NH2 as heterogeneous catalyst for ethylene oligomerization
Chen, Liduo,Jin, Rui,Li, Cuiqin,Mao, Guoliang,Tan, Jinyan,Wang, Jun,Zhang, Na
, (2021/11/27)
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-66-NH2 had been modified by reaction of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde with the amino groups to form a pyridineimine that act as ligand of metal Ni. The UiO-66-NH2 grafted pyridineimine nickel catalyst of post synthetic modification was assessed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption, and the catalytic performance of the UiO-66-NH2 grafted pyridineimine nickel catalyst in ethylene oligomerization was investigated. The results showed that the catalyst structure, reaction temperature, Al/Ni molar ratio and reaction pressure had a significant effect on the catalytic activity and products selectivity. The catalytic activity of 3.76 × 105 g·(mol Ni·h)?1 and 75.94% selectivity of butene were obtained when the reaction temperature was 25 ℃, Al/Ni molar ratio was 1000 and reaction pressure was 1.2 MPa.
Vapor-phase dehydration of 1,4-butanediol to 1,3-butadiene over Y2Zr2O7 catalyst
Matsuda, Asami,Matsumura, Yoshitaka,Sato, Satoshi,Yamada, Yasuhiro
, (2021/09/16)
Vapor-phase catalytic dehydration of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) was investigated over Y2O3-ZrO2 catalysts. In the dehydration, 1,3-butadiene (BD) together with 3-buten-1-ol (3B1OL), tetrahydrofuran, and propylene was produced depending on the reaction conditions. In the dehydration over Y2O3-ZrO2 catalysts with different Y contents at 325°C, Y2Zr2O7 with an equimolar ratio of Y/Zr showed high selectivity to 3B1OL, an intermediate to BD. In the dehydration at 360°C, a BD yield higher than 90% was achieved over the Y2Zr2O7 calcined at 700°C throughout 10 h. In the dehydration of 3B1OL over Y2Zr2O7, however, the catalytic activity affected by the calcination temperature is roughly proportional to the specific surface area of the sample. The highest activity of Y2Zr2O7 calcined at 700 °C for the BD formation from 1,4-BDO is explained by the trade-off relation in the activities for the first-step dehydration of 1,4-BDO to 3B1OL and for the second-step dehydration of 3B1OL to BD. The higher reactivity of 3B1OL than saturated alcohols such as 1-butanol and 2-butanol suggests that the C=C double bond of 3B1OL induces an attractive interaction to anchor the catalyst surface and promotes the dehydration. A probable mechanism for the one-step dehydration of 1,4-BDO to BD was discussed.
Regioselective Gas-Phase n-Butane Transfer Dehydrogenation via Silica-Supported Pincer-Iridium Complexes
Sheludko, Boris,Castro, Cristina F.,Khalap, Chaitanya A.,Emge, Thomas J.,Goldman, Alan S.,Celik, Fuat E.
, p. 407 - 415 (2020/12/01)
The production of olefins via on-purpose dehydrogenation of alkanes allows for a more efficient, selective and lower cost alternative to processes such as steam cracking. Silica-supported pincer-iridium complexes of the form [(≡SiO?R4POCOP)Ir(CO)] (R4POCOP=κ3-C6H3-2,6-(OPR2)2) are effective for acceptorless alkane dehydrogenation, and have been shown stable up to 300 °C. However, while solution-phase analogues of such species have demonstrated high regioselectivity for terminal olefin production under transfer dehydrogenation conditions at or below 240 °C, in open systems at 300 °C, regioselectivity under acceptorless dehydrogenation conditions is consistently low. In this work, complexes [(≡SiO?tBu4POCOP)Ir(CO)] (1) and [(≡SiO?iPr4PCP)Ir(CO)] (2) were synthesized via immobilization of molecular precursors. These complexes were used for gas-phase butane transfer dehydrogenation using increasingly sterically demanding olefins, resulting in observed selectivities of up to 77 %. The results indicate that the active site is conserved upon immobilization.
