76824-35-6 Usage
Description
Famotidine, with the chemical formula C8H15N7O2S3 and brand name PEPCID, is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline compound that primarily inhibits gastric secretion, reducing the acid concentration and volume in the stomach. This property makes it useful for treating and preventing ulcers in the stomach and intestines, as well as conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Famotidine is used as an H2-receptor antagonist for the treatment and prevention of ulcers in the stomach and intestines. It is effective in managing conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, where the stomach accumulates excess acid, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Used in Medical Treatment:
Famotidine is used as an anti-ulcer agent for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), helping to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
However, it is important to note that Famotidine can cause contact dermatitis in some individuals, as reported in a nurse and three cases in the industry due to intermediates of synthesis.
Reference
http://www.rxlist.com/pepcid-drug/clinical-pharmacology.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famotidine
Originator
Yamauouchi (Japan)
Manufacturing Process
60.0 kg of dichloroacetone is dissolved in 550 ml of acetone. After cooling the
solution to -5°C, 55.8 kg of amidinothiourea is added to the solution under
cooling portionwise at one hour intervals in a 10 kg amount of
amidinothiourea. The mixture is stirred continuously for 5 days below 0°C.
The 111.6 kg resultant precipitates of N"-[4-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-
hydroxy-2-thiazolyl]-guanidine hydrochloride are collected, and washed with
50 L of acetone. In 500 ml of water are dissolved 111.6 kg of N"-[4-
(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-thiazolyl]-guanidine hydrochloride
and 32.9 kg of thiourea. The solution is stirred for one hour at 50°C. N'-[4-
[[(Aminoiminomethyl)thio]methyl]-2-thiazolyl]-guanidine dihydrochloride is
formed in the reaction mixture, and this reaction mixture containing this
compound is directly used for the next process without isolation of the formed
compound.The reaction mixture obtained is cooled below 10°C, and to the solution are
added 45.6 kg of beta-chloropropionitrile and 200 L of isopropanol. A solution
of 69.1 kg of sodium hydroxide in 280 L of water is added dropwise to the
solution under nitrogen stream followed by stirring for 2 hours at 0°C. The
crystals precipitated are collected by filtration, and washed with cold water
and dried to provide 91.7 kg of the N"-[4-[[(2-cyanoethyl)thio]methyl]-2-
thiazolyl]-guanidine, melting point 125-126.5°C.In 60 L of anhydrous dimethylformamide is dissolved 34.3 kg of the N"-[4-
[[(2-cyanoethyl)thio]methyl]-2-thiazolyl]-guanidine. After adding 60 L of
anhydrous methanol to the solution, 61.9 kg of hydrogen chloride gas is
passed through the solution below 5°C. After stirring the reaction mixture for
2 days at 0°C, the reaction mixture is poured into a mixture of 350 L of water,
250 kg of potassium carbonate, 30 L of ethyl acetate and ice while stirring
below 5°C for 2 hours. The resultant precipitates are collected by filtration.
After stirring a mixture of the precipitates and 400 L of water for 0.5 hour at
0°, the resultant precipitates are collected by filtration, washed with 40 L of
water and 10 L of cooled acetone respectively, and dried at reduced pressure to provide 30.6 kg of the methyl 3-[[[2-[(diaminomethylene)amino]-4-
thiazolyl]methyl]thio]propionimidate showing a melting point of 125.7°C.In 340 L of methanol is dissolved 88.4 kg of sulfamide under heating, and the
solution is cooled to 30°C. To the solution, 114.2 kg of the methyl 3-[[[2-
[(diaminomethylene)amino]-4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]propionimidate are added
portionwise three times while stirring at 20-30°C. (The second addition is
added 8 hours after the first addition, and the third addition is added 24 hours
after the first addition). After stirring the reaction mixture for a further 2
days, the crystals formed are collected by filtration, washed with 200 L of
cooled methanol, and air-dried at room temperature to provide 87.5 kg of the
3-[[[2-[(diaminomethylene)amino]-4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]-Nsulfamoylpropionamidine
(generic name: famotidine) showing a melting point
of 157.6°C. Some of the obtained product is recrystallized from
dimethylformamide-water, and is dissolved in an equivalent molar amount of
aqueous acetic acid (%). To the solution is added an equivalent molar amount
of a dilute sodium hydroxide solution in water to separate crystals showing a
melting point of 163-164°C.
Therapeutic Function
Antiulcer
Contact allergens
Contact dermatitis in a nurse from famotidine, an
H2-receptor agonist, was described. In industry, three
cases were reported due to intermediates of the synthesis
of 2-diamino-ethylene-amino-thiazolyl-methylenethio urea-dichloride, and 4-chloromethyl-2-guanidinothiaz ole-nitrochloride.
Biochem/physiol Actions
H2 histamine receptor antagonist; anti-ulcer agent
Clinical Use
Famotidine is a histamine H2-antagonist more potent than cimetidine and
ranitidine. Administered once or twice daily, it is useful in the treatment of
gastric, duodenal and anastomotic ulcers, upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage,
reflux esophagitis and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Like ranitidine, it is lacking in
antiandrogenic effects.
Synthesis
Famotidine, 3-[[[2-[(aminomethyl)amino]-4-thiazolyl] methyl]thio]-
N-(aminosulfonyl)propanimidamide (16.2.13), is synthesized from S-(2-aminothiazol-4-ylmethyl)
isothiourea (16.2.9), which is synthesized by reacting 1,3-dichloroacetone with two
molecules of thiourea, during which a thiazol ring is formed and the chlorine atom is substituted,
giving an intermediate 2-amino-5-chlormethylthiazol. Reacting this with 2-chlorpropionitrile
gives S-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl-methyl)-2-cyanoethane (16.2.10), which in turn is
reacted with benzoylizthiocyanate. The resulting benzoylthiourea derivative (16.2.11) first
undergoes S-methylation by methyliodide and further cleaved by ammonia into 3-[[[2-
(aminomethyl)amino]-4-thiazolyl]-methyl]thio]ethylcyanide (16.2.12). Successive
methanolysis of the nitrile group and subsequent reaction of the resulting iminoether with
sulfonamide gives famotidine (16.2.13).
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
In veterinary medicine, famotidine may be useful for the treatment
and/or prophylaxis
of gastric, abomasal and duodenal ulcers,
uremic gastritis, stress-related or drug-induced erosive gastritis,
esophagitis, duodenal gastric reflux, and esophageal reflux.
Famotidine has fewer drug interactions and activity may persist
longer than cimetidine.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antifungals: absorption of itraconazole and
ketoconazole reduced; concentration of posaconazole
possibly reduced - avoid with suspension.
Antivirals: concentration of atazanavir reduced
- adjust doses of both drugs; concentration of
raltegravir possibly increased - avoid; avoid for 12
hours before and 4 hours after rilpivirine.
Ciclosporin: possibly increased ciclosporin levels.
Cytotoxics: possibly reduced dasatinib concentration
- avoid if possible; avoid with erlotinib; possibly
reduced absorption of pazopanib - give at least 2
hours before or 10 hours after famotidine; possibly
reduced absorption of lapatinib.
Ulipristal: contraceptive effect possibly reduced -
avoid with high dose ulipristal.
Metabolism
Metabolism of famotidine occurs in the liver, with
formation of an inactive metabolite, the sulfoxide. Following oral administration, the mean urinary excretion
of famotidine is 65-70% of the absorbed dose, 25-30%
as unchanged compound. Renal clearance is 250-450
mL/min, indicating some tubular excretion. A small
amount may be excreted as the sulfoxide.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 76824-35-6 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 7,6,8,2 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 76824-35:
(7*7)+(6*6)+(5*8)+(4*2)+(3*4)+(2*3)+(1*5)=156
156 % 10 = 6
So 76824-35-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C8H15N7O2S3/c9-6(15-20(12,16)17)1-2-18-3-5-4-19-8(13-5)14-7(10)11/h4H,1-3H2,(H2,9,15)(H2,12,16,17)(H4,10,11,13,14)
76824-35-6Relevant articles and documents
Studies on Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists. 2. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of N-Sulfamoyl and N-Sulfonyl Amidine Derivatives
Yanagisawa, Isao,Hirata, Yasufumi,Ishii, Yoshio
, p. 1787 - 1793 (2007/10/02)
A series of N-sulfamoyl and N-sulfonyl amidines have been prepared and tested in vitro for H2 antihistamine activity on quinea pig atrium.In addition, several selected compounds were assessed as inhibitors of gastric acid secretion induced by histamine in anesthetized dogs.Structure-activity relationship studies showed that those compounds containing 2-thiazole exhibited potent H2-receptor antagonist activity.Introduction of alkyl or aralkyl groups to the terminal nitrogen of the sulfamoyl moiety reduced biological activities.Sulfamoyl amidines were more potent in both tests than sulfonyl amidines.Of these compounds, 3--4-thiazolyl>methyl>thio>-N2-sulfamoylpropionamide (2e, famotidine) showed extremely high potency in both assays and was selected for clinical trials as an antiulcer agent.Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of famotidine gave the sulfamoyl amide 6 at room temperature and the carboxylic acid 7 at elevated temperatures. 15 N NMR spectrum showed that famotidine in solution existed in only one of several possible tautomers derived from the amidine and the guanidine moieties.Nitrosation of famotidine was performed under mild condition and proved to occur on the 5-position of the thiazole ring.