7440-69-9Relevant articles and documents
Milner, G. W. C.,Slee, L. J.
, p. 139 - 151 (1957)
Syntheses and characterizations of bismuth nanofilms and nanorhombuses by the structure-controlling solventless method
Chen, Jing,Wu, Li-Ming,Chen, Ling
, p. 586 - 591 (2007)
Substrate-free bismuth nanofilms with an average thickness of 0.6 nm (σ = ±14.1%) and monodisperse layered Bi nanorhombuses with an average edge length of 21.5 nm (σ = ±14.7%) and thickness of 0.9 nm (σ = ±25.8%) have been successively synthesized by structure-controlling solventless thermolysis from a new layered bismuth thiolate precursor with a 31.49 A spacing. The morphologies result from self-control at an atomic level by the layered Bi(SC12H 25)3 crystal structure. The formation of the Bi nanofilm intermediate provides significant substantiation for this synthesis method, and detailed evidence on the conversion progress has been obtained. Both the films and the rhombuses have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Special UV-vis electronic absorption spectra of the nanoproducts have been studied.
Effect of the surface configuration on the oxidation of bismuth nanowire
Huang,Fung
, p. 1604 - 1611 (2006)
Incorporating nanoprocessing into the metal oxidation, it was a facile way to synthesize functional oxide with desired nanostructure. In this work, δ-Bi2O3 nanowires were successfully fabricated by the oxidation of electroplated Bi nanowires at 350 °C. δ-Bi2O3 is the high-temperature phase of Bi2O3 and only stable at 723-823 °C. Partially oxidized nanowires showed core-shell structure composed of metallic Bi and δ-Bi2O3. To investigate the mechanism of oxidation reaction, the Bi/Bi2O3 interface was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM images showed rapid growth of oxide layer on (2 over(1, ?) 0) plane of rhombohedral Bi metal. The coherency between (10 over(2, ?)) of metallic Bi and (1 0 0) of cubic Bi2O3 was observed. A schematic model was also used to describe the oxidation process. The coherency Bi and Bi2O3 and the stabilization of high-temperature (fluorite structure) Bi2O3 were also discussed based on this model.
Synthesis and single crystal X-ray structure analysis of bromodi(isopropenyl)bismuthane
Schumann, Herbert,Muehle, Stefan H.
, p. 629 - 632 (1999)
Tri(isopropenyl)bismuthane (1) reacts with bromine to form bromodi(isopropenyl)bismuthane (2) and dibromo(isopropenyl)bismuthane (3). The single crystal X-ray structure determination of 2 (monoclinic, P21/c; a = 1058.6(3), b = 1127.0(3), c = 1561.3(4) pm, and β = 109.26(2)°; Z = 8 molecules; dc = 2.803 g/cm3; R = 0.059) shows two crystallographically independent molecules which are connected by Bi-Br...Bi bridges (Bi-Br 282.3(2) and 284.7(2); Br...Bi 302.9(2) and 303.6(2) pm) forming helical chains directed along the b-axis of the unit cell. Every turn of the helix (360°) consists of four molecules and corresponds to the length of the b-axis (1127.0(3) pm).
Etheridge, A. T.
, p. 9 - 11 (1942)
Heyrovsky, J.
, p. 283 - 294 (1935)
The kinetics of thermal decomposition of bismuth oxohydroxolaurate
Logvinenko,Mikhailov,Yukhin
, p. 47 - 49 (2007)
The bismuth salt of lauric (dodecanic) acid Bi6O 4(OH)4(C11H23COO)6 was studied earlier. This salt has layer structure (the interlaminar distance=37.50 A), under heating this liquid-crystalline state has the mesomorphic transformation, turns to the amorphous state, decomposes stepwise with the formation of well-ordered layers of bismuth nanoparticles. DSC-curves were used for the study of the decomposition kinetics in the area of decomposition with small mass loss and exothermic effect (423-483 K). Springer-Verlag 2007.
Kny-Jones, F. G.
, p. 101 - 104 (1941)
A Room-Temperature Route to Bismuth Nanotube Arrays
Yang, Baojun,Li, Cun,Hu, Hanmei,Yang, Xiaogang,Li, Qiaowei,Qian, Yitai
, p. 3699 - 3702 (2003)
A room-temperature aqueous-chemical route has been developed to synthesize a high proportion (above 80%) of bamboo-raft-like bismuth nanotube arrays using bismuth chloride and metallic zinc powder as reagents. The prepared Bi nanotubes have uniform diameters of approximately 3-5 nm and lengths from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers. HRTEM observations show that the axial direction of the prepared nanotubes is along the normal direction of the (012) lattice planes of the rhombohedral bismuth. The possible formation mechanism is discussed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003.
The Subbromide Bi5Br4 – On the Existence of a Hidden Phase
Pabst, Falk,Chang, Jen-Hui,Finzel, Kati,Kohout, Miroslav,Schmidt, Peer,Ruck, Michael
, p. 149 - 155 (2020)
Black and irregularly shaped crystals of the bismuth-rich bromide Bi5Br4 were obtained as a by-product of the reaction of CsBr, Bi, and BiBr3. X-ray diffraction on a single-crystal revealed its orthorhombic structure with the space group Pmmn (no. 59) and lattice parameters a = 1800.0(2) pm, b = 1476.1(1) pm, and c = 924.5(2) pm at 296 K. The structure is composed of Bi8 2+ and Bi9 5+ polycations and bromidobismuthate(III) anions according to the structured formula Bi5Br4 = Bi20Br16 = Bi8 2+Bi9 5+[BiBr5]2–[Bi2Br11]5–. Bi5Br4 is the bismuth-richest among the bismuth subhalides containing isolated polycations. Extensive differential scanning calorimetry studies indicate that Bi5Br4 decomposes at 262 °C, i.e. one degree below the bismuth-rich eutectic at 263 °C. All attempts towards a rational synthesis yielded predominantly the neighboring phases BiBr and Bi6Br7.
The underpotential deposition of bismuth and tellurium on cold rolled silver substrate by ECALE
Zhu,Yang,Gao,Hou,Bao,Fan
, p. 5465 - 5472 (2005)
Thin-layer electrochemical studies of the underpotential deposition (UPD) of Bi and Te on cold rolled silver substrate have been performed. Different approaches have been employed to investigate the influence of silver oxide film on Bi UPD. As a result, the precedent deposition of a little bismuth can effectively prevent silver from surface oxidation. The voltammetric analysis of underpotential shift demonstrates that the first Te UPD on Bi-covered Ag and Bi UPD on Te-covered Ag fit UPD dynamics mechanism. Thin film of bismuth telluride was formed using an automated flow deposition system, by alternately depositing Te and Bi. The electrochemical conditions necessary to form Bi 2Te3 deposits of 50 cycles on cold rolled silver by ECALE are described here. X-ray diffraction indicated the deposits were Bi 2Te3. EDX quantitative analysis gave the 2:3 stoichiometric ratio of Bi to Te, which is consistent with XRD result. Electron probe microanalysis of the deposits showed a worm-like network structure. The map of Te and Bi element indicated the distribution of both Te and Bi is homogeneous and locates the same sites, which is favorable to Te-Bi binary system. The composition analysis of structural expanded image also showed the approximately constant composition of Te:Bi ≈ 3:2 has taken place.
Effect of Bi(III) concentration on the stripping voltammetric response of in situ bismuth-coated carbon paste and gold electrodes
Baldrianova,Svancara,Vlcek,Economou,Sotiropoulos
, p. 481 - 490 (2006)
The effect of Bi(III) concentration (over the wide concentration range of 10-7 to 10-4 M) on the determination of Pb and Cd metal ions (in the 10-8 to 10-5 M range), by means of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV
New single-source precursor for bismuth sulfide and its use as low-cost counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells
Chauhan, Ratna,Chaturvedi, Jyotsna,Trivedi, Manoj,Singh, Jyoti,Molloy, Kieran C.,Kociok-K?hn, Gabriele,Amalnerkar, Dinesh P.,Kumar, Abhinav
, p. 168 - 175 (2015)
Abstract One new homoleptic [Bi(dtc)3] (1) (dtc = 4-hydroxypiperdine dithiocarbamate) has been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The photoluminescence spectrum for the compound in DMSO solution was recorded. The crystal structure of 1 displayed distorted octahedral geometry around the Bi(III) center bonded through sulfur atoms of the dithiocarbamate ligands. TGA indicates that the compound decomposes to a Bi and Bi-S phase system. The Bi and Bi-S obtained from decomposition of the compound have been characterized by pXRD, EDAX and SEM. Solvothermal decomposition of 1 in the absence and presence of two different capping agents yielded three morphologically different Bi2S3 systems which were deployed as counter-electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Effects of polyethylene glycol and gelatin on the crystal size, morphology, and Sn2+-sensing ability of bismuth deposits
Tsai, Yi-Da,Lien, Chein-Hung,Hu, Chi-Chang
, p. 7615 - 7621 (2011)
The influences of citric acid (CA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and gelatin on the deposition behavior of Bi were systematically investigated through the linear sweep voltammetric (LSV) analysis. Based on the LSV res
Tananaeff, N. A.
, p. 419 - 422 (1936)
Core-Shell Au?SnO2 Nanostructures Supported on Na2Ti4O9 Nanobelts as a highly active and deactivation-resistant catalyst toward selective nitroaromatics reduction
Pan, Xiaoyang,Zheng, Jing,Zhang, Liuxian,Yi, Zhiguo
, p. 11164 - 11171 (2019)
Catalysis using gold (Au) nanoparticles has become an important field of chemistry. However, activity loss caused by aggregation or leaching of Au nanoparticles greatly limits their application in catalytic reaction. Herein, we report a facile and green synthesis of a core-shell Au?SnO2 nanocomposite, exhibiting excellent activity toward selective nitroaromatics reduction under mild conditions. The core-shell Au?SnO2 nanocomposite (Au size = ~50 nm; shell thickness = ca. 16 nm) is conceived and validated by a direct redox reaction between HAuCl4 and SnF2. Optimization of the core size, shell thickness, and dispersion of Au?SnO2 has been introduced by an alkaline surface supported by negatively charged metal oxide Na2Ti4O9. The as-obtained Au-Sn-Na2Ti4O9 catalyst with much smaller Au cores (ca. 5 nm) and thinner SnO2 nondensed shells (ca. 4 nm) exhibits highly improved catalytic activities for nitro reduction compared to most of the known Au-based catalysts. Moreover, the core-shell Au?SnO2 structure inhibits the leaching and agglomeration of Au nanoparticles and thus leads to superior catalytic durability.
In situ STM study of underpotential deposition of bismuth on Au(1 1 0) in perchloric acid solution
Hara, Masanori,Nagahara, Yoshiki,Inukai, Junji,Yoshimoto, Soichiro,Itaya, Kingo
, p. 2327 - 2332 (2006)
The underpotential deposition (UPD) of Bi on Au(1 1 0) was investigated in HClO4 solution using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. The UPD of Bi occurred in three steps. A 3011 structure, in which Bi atoms formed dimers, was found for the first UPD adlayer. A (1 × 1) image was obtained by STM at the second UPD peak. For the third UPD peak, Bi atoms formed an incommensurate adlayer, and stripes of Bi were observed on terraces. After the third UPD, a structural reconstruction caused by adsorbed Bi was observed.
Bismuth terephthalate induced Bi(0) for enhanced RhB photodegradation and 4-nitrophenol reduction
Zhao, Xinyun,Zhong, Jianping,Hu, Juncheng,Wu, Lamei,Chen, Xi
, p. 431 - 438 (2017)
A facile reductive method was used to prepare the semimetal Bi(0) through reacting Bi(NO3)3 with NaI. The Bi(0) incorporated bismuth terephthalate hybrids were prepared from two different strategies with enhanced visible light photodegradation of RhB and reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The synergistic interaction between layered bismuth terephthalate and Bi(0) with SPR effects could induce the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes that leading to the enhancement of their oxidation performance. In the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, bismuth terephthalate may act as an excellent supporter and as a precursor which in situ produces the semimetal Bi(0). The Bi(0) incorporated bismuth terephthalate reported in this work can be potentially applied in visible light photooxidation and reduction of organic compounds.
A novel technique to extract Bi from mechanochemically prepared Bi-Fe 3O4 nanocomposite
Mozaffari,Amighian,Hasanpour
, p. 309 - 312 (2006)
The solid-state reduction of Bi2O3 to bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles by high-energy ball milling of raw materials (Bi2O 3 and Fe) in air and argon atmospheres has been described. XRD results show that in addition to bismuth, a second phase of nanocrystalline magnetite is also formed. This is due to the formation of Fe2O 3 and the subsequent change to Fe3O4 in the course of ball milling. Mean particle sizes of the obtained Bi and Fe 3O4 particles were 22 and 18 nm, respectively, using Scherrer's formula. A saturation magnetization of 80 emu/g is achieved for magnetic phase (Fe3O4). As both Bi and magnetite were nanosized particles, it was not possible to separate these two phases by the magnetic separation technique. A novel technique based on different thermal expansions of the Bi and Fe3O4 was then used to extract metallic Bi from the as-milled powders.
Spin-Orbit Relaxation Rate of Bi(6p3, 2D3/2) following Photolysis of Bi(CH3)3 at λ = 193 nm
Holloway J. S.,Koffend, J. B.,Heidner, R. F. III
, p. 7665 - 7669 (1989)
Rate coefficients for the collisional relaxation of the first excited spin-orbit state of (6p3, 2D3/2) have been measured at 295 K for Ar, CO2, SF6, H2, D2, HF, and DF.The excited Bi atoms were prepared by excimer laser photolysis of trimethylbismuth (TMB) at 193 nm and monitored directly in emission.The rate coefficient for quenching by the precursor TMB and a lower limit for removal by CH3 photofragments have also been established.Where applicable, our results are compared with the earlier work of Bevan and Husain and of Trainor.The suitability of long-range interaction models is discussed for those cases where isotopic substitution leads to markedly different quenching rates.
Hofmann, M.,Schweda, E.,Straehle, J.,Laval, J. P.,Frit, B.,Estermann, M. A.
, p. 73 - 78 (1995)
Watt, G. W.,Fernelius, W. C.
, p. 1692 - 1694 (1939)
Unveiling Intrinsic Potassium Storage Behaviors of Hierarchical Nano Bi@N-Doped Carbon Nanocages Framework via In Situ Characterizations
Sun, Zehang,Liu, Yang,Ye, Weibin,Zhang, Jinyang,Wang, Yuyan,Lin, Yue,Hou, Linrui,Wang, Ming-Sheng,Yuan, Changzhou
, p. 7180 - 7187 (2021)
Metallic bismuth has drawn attention as a promising alloying anode for advanced potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, serious volume expansion/electrode pulverization and sluggish kinetics always lead to its inferior cycling and rate properties for practical applications. Therefore, advanced Bi-based anodes via structural/compositional optimization and sur-/interface design are needed. Herein, we develop a bottom-up avenue to fabricate nanoscale Bi encapsulated in a 3D N-doped carbon nanocages (Bi@N-CNCs) framework with a void space by using a novel Bi-based metal-organic framework as the precursor. With elaborate regulation in annealing temperatures, the optimized Bi@N-CNCs electrode exhibits large reversible capacities and long-duration cyclic stability at high rates when evaluated as competitive anodes for PIBs. Insights into the intrinsic K+-storage processes of the Bi@N-CNCs anode are put forward from comprehensive in situ characterizations.
Thermal properties of Bi nanowire arrays with different orientations and diameters
Zhu, Yonggang,Dou, Xincun,Huang, Xiaohu,Li, Ang,Li, Guanghai
, p. 26189 - 26193 (2006)
The thermal properties of single-crystalline Bi nanowire arrays with different orientations and diameters were studied by differential scanning calorimeter and in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Bi nanowires were fabricated by a pulsed electrodeposition technique within the porous anodic alumina membrane. The relationships between the orientation and diameter of Bi nanowires and the corresponding thermal properties are deduced solely from experimental results. It is shown that the melting point decreases with decreasing nanowire diameter, and there is an anisotropic thermal expansion property of Bi nanowires with different orientations and diameters. The transition of the thermal expansion coefficient from positive at low temperature to negative at high temperature for Bi nanowire arrays was analyzed and discussed.
Synthesis of bis(tricarbonylcyclopentadienylmolybdenum)-bismuth(III) chloride and its reaction with metals
Piskunov,Maslennikov,Spirina,Artemov,Malysheva
, p. 1054 - 1056 (2003)
Polynuclear organometallic compounds [CpMo(CO)3]2BiCl and [CpMo(CO)3]BiCl2 were prepared by reaction of bismuth with tricarbonylcyclopentadienylmoiybdenum chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). [CpMo(CO)3/
N-Doped carbon encapsulating Bi nanoparticles derived from metal-organic frameworks for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Chen, Huimin,Chen, Lin,He, Xiaojie,Huang, Shuping,Wei, Mingdeng
, p. 22048 - 22055 (2021/10/14)
Bismuth (Bi), as an alloy-based material, has been demonstrated as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the large volume change of the Bi anode during the sodiation/desodiation process results in poor cycling performance, which limits its practical application. In the present work, a simple one-step route was realized to fabricate Bi nanoparticles embedded into a N-doped carbon matrix (Bi@NC) by calcining Bi-containing metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) precursors. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of Bi nanoparticles and the conductive N-doped carbon matrix, the composite can not only reduce the ion/electron diffusion pathways and enhance the reaction kinetics, but can also effectively alleviate the volume expansion during alloying/dealloying processes. As a result, the Bi@NC electrode displayed an excellent electrochemical performance with a superior rate capability of 86% capacity retention at 10 A g?1and a high capacity of 326.9 mA h g?1after 5000 cycles at 2 A g?1. Furthermore, the assembled full cell with a Na3V2(PO4)3cathode and a Bi@NC anode also delivered an impressive electrochemical performance with a high energy density of 125 W h kg?1(based on the total mass of cathode and anode materials). Furthermore, the sodium storage mechanism was also elucidated through in-depth fundamental investigation usingin situX-ray diffraction (XRD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Active bismuth mediated allylation of carbonyls/N-tosyl aldimines and propargylation of aldehydes in water
Sawkmie, Micky Lanster,Paul, Dipankar,Khatua, Snehadrinarayan,Chatterjee, Paresh Nath
, (2019/06/08)
Abstract: Active bismuth is synthesized by the chemical reduction of bismuth trichloride using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as the reducing agent at room temperature. The as-synthesized active bismuth is applied as a reagent for the synthesis of homoallyl alcohol/homopropargyl alcohol from allyl bromide/propargyl bromide and carbonyl compounds in water at 50°C. The homoallyl amines are also synthesized from N-tosyl aldimines and allyl bromide using active bismuth reagent in good yields. No assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The waste bismuth material obtained after the completion of the organic reaction can be reduced to active bismuth by sodium stannite solution and successfully reused for mediating the allylation of aldehydes. Graphical Abstract:: Synopsis Active bismuth mediated allylation/crotylation of aldehydes is developed in water to get homoallyl alcohols. The method is also applied for the allylation of N-tosyl aldimines and propargylation of aldehydes in water to achieve the homoallyl amines and homopropargyl alcohols, respectively. The reactions do not require the assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].