7440-53-1 Usage
Description
Europium, named after the continent of Europe, is a soft, shiny, steel-gray metal that is quite ductile and malleable, making it possible to work and form into various shapes. It is one of the most rare of the rare-earth elements, with an abundance of 1.1ppm on Earth. Europium is the 13th most abundant of all the rare-earths and the 55th most abundant element on Earth. It is the most chemically active of all the rare-earths, with a melting point of 822°C, a boiling point of 1,529°C, and a density of 5.243g/cm3. Europium is found in deposits of monazite, bastnasite, cerite, and allanite ores, and it has proven difficult to separate from other rare-earth elements.
Uses
1. Used in Optoelectronic Devices:
Europium is used as a dopant in some types of glass in lasers and other optoelectronic devices due to its phosphorescent properties.
2. Used in Television and Fluorescent Lamps:
Europium Oxide (Eu2O3) is widely used as a red phosphor in television sets and fluorescent lamps, enhancing the color and efficiency of these devices.
3. Used in Energy-efficient Fluorescent Lighting:
Europium provides the necessary red and blue components in energy-efficient fluorescent lighting, with several commercial blue phosphors based on Europium for color TV, computer screens, and fluorescent lamps.
4. Used in Medical, Surgical, and Biochemical Applications:
The luminescence of Europium is valuable in various medical, surgical, and biochemical applications.
5. Used in Nuclear Control Rods:
Europium is used for the capture of thermal neutrons in nuclear control rods in atomic power stations, with a thermal neutron absorption of 4,600 barns.
6. Used in Cathode Ray Tubes and NMR Spectroscopy:
Europium salts are used in coatings for cathode ray tubes in color televisions, while organoderivatives are used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
7. Used in Postage Stamp Glues:
Europium is an additive to the glue used on postage stamps, enabling electronic sorting machines in postal offices to "read" the stamps.
8. Used in Superconducting Alloys:
The metal is used in some superconducting alloys, taking advantage of its unique properties.
Isotopes
There are a total of 45 isotopes of europium. Two are considered stable andaccount for 100% of the europium found on Earth: Eu-151 (47.81%) and Eu-153(52.19%). All the other 53 isotopes are radioactive and artificially produced, primarily through electron capture.
Origin of Name
Named for the continent of Europe.
Characteristics
Pure europium will slowly oxidize in air at room temperature and will produce hydrogenwhen placed in water. It will ignite spontaneously if the air temperature is over 150°C. Insome ways europium resembles the elements calcium, strontium, and barium found in group2 of the periodic table.
History
In 1890 Boisbaudran obtained basic fractions from samarium-gadolinium concentrates that had spark spectral lines not accounted for by samarium or gadolinium. These lines subsequently have been shown to belong to europium. The discovery of Europium is generally credited to Demarcay, who separated the rare earth in reasonably pure form in 1901. The pure metal was not isolated until recent years. Europium is now prepared by mixing Eu2O3 with a 10% excess of lanthanum metal and heating the mixture in a tantalum crucible under high vacuum. The element is collected as a silvery-white metallic deposit on the walls of the crucible. As with other rare-earth metals, except for lanthanum, europium ignites in air at about 150 to 180°C. Europium is about as hard as lead and is quite ductile. It is the most reactive of the rare-earth metals, quickly oxidizing in air. It resembles calcium in its reaction with water. Bastnasite and monazite are the principal ores containing europium. Europium has been identified spectroscopically in the sun and certain stars. Europium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are being studied for use in nuclear control applications. Europium oxide is now widely used as a phosphor activator and europium-activated yttrium vanadate is in commercial use as the red phosphor in color TV tubes. Europiumdoped plastic has been used as a laser material. With the development of ion-exchange techniques and special processes, the cost of the metal has been greatly reduced in recent years. Natural europium contains two stable isotopes. Thirty-five other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known. Europium is one of the rarest and most costly of the rare-earth metals. It is priced at about $60/g (99.9% pure).
Hazard
Europium is very reactive and, in powder form, may burst into flames spontaneously atroom temperature. Most of the salts of europium are toxic when inhaled or ingested.
Hazard
Highly reactive, may ignite spontaneously in powder form.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7440-53-1 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,4,4 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7440-53:
(6*7)+(5*4)+(4*4)+(3*0)+(2*5)+(1*3)=91
91 % 10 = 1
So 7440-53-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Eu
