557-21-1 Usage
Description
Zinc cyanide is a white powder that exists in the form of orthorhombic crystals. It has a density of 1.852 g/cm3 and decomposes at 800°C. It is insoluble in water, with a solubility of about 5mg/L at 20°C, but is soluble in alkalies, potassium cyanide, and ammonia solutions. It is also insoluble in alcohol. Zinc cyanide is toxic by inhalation (due to dust and hydrogen cyanide from slight decomposition) and by ingestion. It produces toxic oxides of nitrogen in fires and is used in various applications such as electroplating, as an insecticide, and for separating ammonia from producer gas.
Uses
Used in Electroplating:
Zinc cyanide is used as an electroplating agent for providing a smooth and bright finish to metal surfaces. It is particularly effective in the electroplating of zinc, copper, and other metals, enhancing the quality and durability of the plated products.
Used in Insecticides:
Zinc cyanide is employed as an insecticide, leveraging its toxicity to control and eliminate pests. It is used in the agricultural industry to protect crops from various insect infestations, contributing to increased crop yields and reduced damage.
Used in Chemical Analysis:
Zinc cyanide is utilized as a reagent in chemical analysis, particularly in the determination of certain elements and compounds. Its chemical properties make it a valuable tool in various analytical techniques, aiding in the accurate identification and quantification of substances.
Used in Ammonia Separation:
In the chemical industry, zinc cyanide is used for separating ammonia from producer gas. This application is crucial in the production of ammonia, an essential component in the manufacture of fertilizers, nitrous oxide, and other chemicals.
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Zinc cyanide is a colorless crystalline solid or white powder with a slight, bitter almond odor. It sinks in water due to its insolubility and is characterized by its white powder form, insolubility in water, and solubility in alkalies, potassium cyanide, and ammonia solutions.
Preparation
Zinc cyanide is precipitated by mixing solutions of potassium cyanide and a soluble zinc salt, such as zinc chloride or sulfate:
Zn2+ (aq) + 2CNˉ(aq) → Zn(CN)2(s)
Reactivity Profile
ZINC CYANIDE is decomposed by acids to give off hydrogen cyanide, a flammable poisonous gas. Tends to explosive instability. Capable of violent oxidation under certain condition; fusion with metal chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates or nitrites can cause explosions [Bretherick, 1979 p. 101]. Reacts with incandescence with magnesium [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 271].
Hazard
The compound is toxic by oral and intraperitoneal routes. The intraperitoneal lethal dose in rat is 100 mg/kg.
Health Hazard
EYES: Causes eye burns. SKIN: Irritation. INGESTION OR INHALATION: A bitter, acrid burning taste is sometimes noted followed by a feeling of constriction or numbness in the throat. Salivation and nausea are not unusual, but vomiting is rare. Anxiety, confusion, vertigo, giddiness and often a sensation of stiffness in the lower jaw. Hypernea and dyspnea. Rapid respiration, then slow and irregular. Unconsciousness, convulsions, death from respiratory arrest.
The compound is toxic by oral and intraperitoneal routes. The intraperitoneal lethal dose in rat is 100 mg/kg.
Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.
Flammability and Explosibility
Notclassified
Safety Profile
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Can react violently
with Mg. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of CN-, ZnO, and NOx.
Used in electroplating operations. See also
CYANIDE and ZINC COMPOUNDS.
Potential Exposure
Used in pharmaceuticals and medicine.
Also used in metal plating, and as a laboratory
chemical.
Shipping
UN1713 Zinc cyanide, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material.
Purification Methods
It is a POISONOUS white powder which becomes black on standing if Mg(OH)2 and carbonate are not removed in the preparation. Thus, wash it well with H2O, then well with EtOH, Et2O and dry it in air at 50o. Analyse it by titrating the cyanide with standard AgNO3. Other likely impurities are ZnCl2, MgCl2 and traces of basic zinc cyanide; the first two salts can be washed out. It is soluble in aqueous KCN solutions. However, if purified in this way Zn(CN)2 is not reactive in the Gattermann synthesis. For this, the salt should contain at least 0.33 mols of KCl or NaCl which will allow the reaction to proceed faster. [Adams & Levine J Am Chem Soc 45 2375 1923, Arnold & Sorung J Am Chem Soc 60 1699 1938, Fuson et al. Org Synth Coll Vol III 549 1955.]
Incompatibilities
Releases hydrogen cyanide on contact
with moisture including humidity in air. Tends to explosive
instability; possible explosion when heated rapidly.
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away
from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids,
epoxides. Contact with acids and/or acid salts and
alcohols will release highly toxic and flammable hydrogen
cyanide gas. Incompatible with reducing agents, alcohols,
glycols, combustible materials, ethers, hydrazines, organic
substances, metal powders. Capable of violent oxidation
under certain condition; fusion with metal chlorates, perchlorates,
nitrates or nitrites can cause explosions.
Waste Disposal
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In
accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for
the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be
disposed properly by following package label directions or
by contacting your local or federal environmental control
agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Add
strong alkaline hypochlorite and react for 24 hours. Then
flush to sewer with large volumes of water.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 557-21-1 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,5 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 557-21:
(5*5)+(4*5)+(3*7)+(2*2)+(1*1)=71
71 % 10 = 1
So 557-21-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/2CN.Zn/c2*1-2;/q2*-1;+2
557-21-1Relevant articles and documents
Hydrothermal and structural chemistry of the zinc(II)- and cadmium(II)-1,2,4-triazolate systems
Ouellette, Wayne,Hudson, Bruce S.,Zubieta, Jon
, p. 4887 - 4904 (2007)
Hydrothermal reactions of 1,2,4-triazole with zinc and cadmium salts have yielded 10 structurally unique materials of the M(II)/trz/Xn- system, with M(II) = Zn and Cd and Xn- = F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, OH-, NO3-, and SO42- (trz = 1,2,4-triazolate). Of the zinc-containing phases, [Zn(trz)2] (1), [Zn2(trz)3(OH)] ·3H2O (3·3H2O), and [Zn2(trz) (SO4)(OH)] (4) are three-dimensional, while [Zn(trz)Br] (2) is two-dimensional. All six cadmium phases, [Cd3(trz)3F 2(H2O)]·2.75H2O (5·2.75H 2O), [Cd2(trz)2Cl2(H2O)] (6), [Cd3(trz)3Br3] (7), [Cd 2(trz)3I] (8), [Cd3(trz)5(NO 3)(H2O)]·H2O (9·H2O), and [Cd8(trz)4(OH)2(SO4) 5(H2O)] (10), are three-dimensional. In all cases, the anionic components Xn- participate in the framework connectivity as bridging ligands. The structural diversity of these materials is reflected in the variety of coordination poiyhedra displayed by the metal sites: tetrahedral; trigonal bipyramidal; octahedral. Structures 3, 5, and 7-9 exhibit two distinct polyhedral building blocks. The materials are also characterized by a range of substructural components, including trinuclear and tetranuclear clusters, adamantoid cages, chains, layers, and complex frameworks.
SMARTER crystallography of the fluorinated inorganic-organic compound Zn3Al2F12·[HAmTAZ]6
Martineau, Charlotte,Cadiau, Amandine,Bouchevreau, Boris,Senker, Juergen,Taulelle, Francis,Adil, Karim
, p. 6232 - 6241 (2012)
We present in this paper the structure resolution of a fluorinated inorganic-organic compound - Zn3Al2F12· [HAmTAZ]6 - by SMARTER crystallography, i.e. by combining powder X-ray diffraction crystallography, NMR crystallography and chemical modelling of crystal (structure optimization and NMR parameter calculations). Such an approach is of particular interest for this class of fluorinated inorganic-organic compound materials since all the atoms have NMR accessible isotopes (1H, 13C, 15N, 19F, 27Al, 67Zn). In Zn3Al2F 12·[HAmTAZ]6, 27Al and high-field 19F and 67Zn NMR give access to the inorganic framework while 1H, 13C and 15N NMR yield insights into the organic linkers. From these NMR experiments, parts of the integrant unit are determined and used as input data for the search of a structural model from the powder diffraction data. The optimization of the atomic positions and the calculations of NMR parameters (27Al and 67Zn quadrupolar parameters and 19F, 1H, 13C and 15N isotropic chemical shifts) are then performed using a density functional theory (DFT) based code. The good agreement between experimental and DFT-calculated NMR parameters validates the proposed optimized structure. The example of Zn 3Al2F12·[HAmTAZ]6 shows that structural models can be obtained in fluorinated hybrids by SMARTER crystallography on a polycrystalline powder with an accuracy similar to those obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.
Metal cyanide ions Mx(CN)y]+,- in the gas phase: M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg, Fe + Ag, Co + Ag
Dance, Ian G.,Dean, Philip A. W.,Fisher, Keith J.,Harris, Hugh H.
, p. 3560 - 3569 (2002)
The generation of metal cyanide ions in the gas phase by laser ablation of M(CN)2 (M = Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg), FeIII[FeIII(CN)6]·xH2O, Ag3[M(CN)6] (M = Fe, Co), and Ag2[F
Effect of the synthesis temperature on the dimensionality of hybrid fluorozincates
Pimenta, Vanessa,Le, Quang Hoang Hanh,Hemon-Ribaud, Annie,Leblanc, Marc,Maisonneuve, Vincent,Lhoste, Jér?me
, p. 164 - 170 (2016)
A series of new hybrid fluorozincates incorporating 5-aminotetrazole (Hamtetraz) is obtained from a same starting mixture of ZnF2, HF solution and Hamtetraz in acetronitrile at different synthesis temperatures. The structures, determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, exhibit various networks with dimensionalities that increase as a function of the synthesis temperature. At 120?°C, two phases, ZnF2(H2O)(Hamtetraz) (1) and ZnF2(Hamtetraz)2(2), coexist and display 1D infinite chains.∞[ZnN2F2O] chains are built up from ZnN2F3(H2O) octahedra linked by opposite fluorine corners in 1, while∞[ZnN2F2] chains of edge sharing ZnN2F4octahedra are found in 2. At 130?°C, dense layers appear in Zn3F5(H2O)2(amtetraz) (3); they result from the condensation of∞[ZnF3N2] and∞[ZnF2NO] chains by fluorine corners to form a neutral 2D network. At 140?°C, [NH4]·(Zn4F5(amtetraz)4)·3H2O (4) presents an anionic 3D network containing small cavities in which water molecules and ammonium cations are inserted. The thermal behavior of the coordination polymers 3 and 4 is studied by TGA analysis and X-ray thermodiffraction; an intermediate phase is observed during the decomposition of 4.
Direct observation of a transverse vibrational mechanism for negative thermal expansion in Zn(CN)2: An atomic pair distribution function analysis
Chapman, Karena W.,Chupas, Peter J.,Kepert, Cameron J.
, p. 15630 - 15636 (2005)
The instantaneous structure of the cyanide-bridged negative thermal expansion (NTE) material Zn(CN)2 has been probed using atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of high energy X-ray scattering data (100-400 K). The temperature dependence of the atomic separations extracted from the PDFs indicates an increase of the average transverse displacement of the cyanide bridge from the line connecting the ZnII centers with increasing temperature. This allows the contraction of non-nearest-neighbor Zn-Zn′ and Zn-C/N distances despite the observed expansion of the individual direct Zn-C/N and C-N bonds. Thus, this analysis provides definitive structural confirmation that an increase in the average displacement of bridging atoms is the origin of the NTE behavior. The lattice parameters reveal a slight reduction in the NTE behavior at high temperature from a minimum coefficient of thermal expansion (α = dl/ldJ) of -19.8 × 10-6 K -1 below 180 K, which is attributed to interaction between the doubly interpenetrated frameworks that comprise the structure.
Structural phase transitions in Zn(CN)2 under high pressures
Poswal,Tyagi,Lausi, Andrea,Deb,Sharma, Surinder M.
, p. 136 - 140 (2009)
High pressure behavior of zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)2) has been investigated with the help of synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction measurements. Our studies reveal that under pressure this compound undergoes phase transformations and the structures of
Lipetz, M.,Rimskaja, M.
, p. 82 - 89 (1934)