Cas 51-05-8,Procaine hydrochloride

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51-05-8 Usage

Description

Procaine hydrochloride, also known as Novocain or Novocaine, is a topical anesthetic belonging to the amino ester group. It temporarily blocks nerve fiber conduction, providing a strong effect with low toxicity and non-addictive properties. However, its weak penetration on the skin and mucosal surfaces makes it unsuitable for surface anesthesia. The chemical structure of procaine hydrochloride features an aromatic primary amino group, which is prone to oxidation discoloration influenced by pH, temperature, UV light, oxygen, and metal ions. Its aqueous solution remains stable within a pH range of 3.0 to 5.0.

Uses

Used in Medical Applications:
Procaine hydrochloride is used as a local anesthetic for infiltration, conduction, and spinal anesthesia due to its strong effect and low toxicity.
Used in Pain Management:
Procaine hydrochloride is utilized to control pain associated with intramuscular injections of penicillin, providing relief and enhancing patient comfort during treatment.
Used in Dentistry:
In the dental industry, procaine hydrochloride serves as a local anesthetic to manage pain and ensure a comfortable experience for patients during various dental procedures.
To ensure the stability and effectiveness of procaine hydrochloride, its preparation involves adding acid to regulate the pH between 3.3 and 5.5, and strictly controlling the sterilization temperature and time. Steam sterilization at 100°C for 30 minutes is considered appropriate, with attention to shading and sealed storage to prevent degradation.

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Procaine is a Na+ channel blocker, commonly used as an anesthetic agent and is considered safer than cocaine. It is also useful as a painkiller to treat pain, associated with joints and tendons.

Contact allergens

Procaine is a local anesthetic with para-amino function. Sensitization mainly concerns the medical, dental, and veterinary professions.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects: acute renal fdure. May have human reproductive effects. See also ESTERS. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of HCl and NO,. Used as a local anesthetic.

Purification Methods

Novocain is recrystallised from aqueous EtOH. It is soluble at 25o in H2O (86.3%), EtOH (2.6%) and Me2CO (1%), it is slightly soluble in CHCl3, but is almost insoluble in Et2O. The anhydrous free base is recrystallised from ligroin or Et2O and has m 61o. [Einhorn Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 371 125 1909, IR: Szymanski & Panzica J Amer Pharm Assoc 47 443 1958, Beilstein 14 IV 1138.]

Mode of action

Procaine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of procaine, a benzoic acid derivative with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Procaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. In addition, this agent increases electrical excitation threshold, reduces rate of rise of action potential and slows nerve impulse propagation thereby causing loss of sensation.

Precautions

Procaine hydrochloride is used for infiltration, nerve block, peridural and spinal anest sthesia. It is considered a fairly safe drug if suitable precautions are observed. However, as with any anesthetic， idiosyncrasy may be encountered. Slow administration and avoidance of accidental intravenous injection are advisable. In local administration, if increased sensitivity to procaine is suspected, as in patients with cardiac disease or endocrine disorders (such as hyperthyroidism), an initial small dose to test tolerance is recommended. (Physicians' Desk Reference, 35th ed, p. 695)

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 51-05-8 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 51-05:
(4*5)+(3*1)+(2*0)+(1*5)=28
28 % 10 = 8
So 51-05-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.

InChI:InChI=1/C13H20N2O2.ClH/c1-4-15(5-2)13(3,17)12(16)10-6-8-11(14)9-7-10;/h6-9,17H,4-5,14H2,1-3H3;1H