3383-96-8 Usage
Description
Temephos, also known as Abate, is an organophosphate larvicide that exists as a white crystalline solid or liquid with a boiling point of 87°F. It is used as an insecticide and is particularly effective in controlling mosquito, midge, and black fly larvae in aquatic environments. Temephos is also utilized as a human and veterinary ectoparasiticide.
Uses
Used in Pest Control:
Temephos is used as a larvicide for controlling mosquito, midge, and black fly larvae in aquatic environments such as lakes, ponds, and wetlands. It is effective in treating water infested with disease-carrying insects, as it kills insect larvae before they mature, preventing the growth of insect populations.
Used in Veterinary Medicine:
Temephos is used as an ectoparasiticide for controlling fleas on dogs and cats, as well as lice on humans. Its residual activity helps in maintaining a reduced insect population.
Used in Agricultural Applications:
In agriculture, Temephos is used as an insecticide and larvicide, particularly for controlling mosquito larvae. It is registered for use on wetlands, ponds, lakes, and other moist areas to manage mosquito, gnat, black fly, midge, pinkie, and sandfly larvae. However, it is important to note that Temephos is banned for use in EU countries.
Chemical Properties:
Temephos is a solid at room temperature, composed of colorless crystals. As a liquid, it is brown and viscous. It is a non-systemic insecticide, insoluble in water, hexane, and methyl cyclohexane, but soluble in common organic solvents. Temephos is combustible, and its liquid formulations may contain flammable organic solvents. Upon decomposition, it produces toxic fumes such as phosphorus oxides and sulfur oxides. It reacts with strong acids and strong bases and has been grouped as a GUP (Group of Unspecified Pesticides) by the US EPA.
Reactivity Profile
Organothiophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Health Hazard
Abate is less toxic in comparison to withmost other organophosphorus pesticides.Among the test animals, rats showedalmost 10 times greater resistance to thiscompound than did mice and rabbits.In humans, ingestion can cause nausea,vomiting, diarrhea, and convulsions. Intakeof large amounts can result in respiratoryfailure.LD50 value, oral (rats): 8600 mg/kg.
Health Hazard
Exposures to high concentrations of temephos for a prolonged period of time cause poisoning
to occupational workers. The symptoms include, but are not limited to, nausea,
salivation, headache, loss of muscle coordination, and diffi culty breathing. Workers
exposed to a combination of temephos and malathion suffer potentiation of toxicity
of temephos. Exposures to granules of temephos formulation may cause irritation.
Prolonged and repeated skin contact may cause irritation. Inhalation may cause respiratory
irritation and chemical pneumonities. There are no reports on the prolonged effects
of temephos.
Health Hazard
to avoid contamination of water, food, or feed, abate should be stored in a secure, dry,
Trade name
27165?; ABAT?; ABATE?; ABATE?
1-SG; ABATE? 2-CG; ABATE? 4-E; ABATE? 5CG;
ABATHION?; AI3-27165?; AC 52160?; AMERICAN
CYANAMID AC-52,160?; AMERICAN CYANAMID
CL-52160?; AMERICAN CYANAMID E. I.52,160?;
BIOTHION?; BITHION?; CL 52160?; DIFENPHOS?;
DIFENTHOS?; DIFOS?; DIPHOS?; ECOPRO?;
ECOPRO? 1707; EI 52160?; NEPHIS?; NEPHIS? 1G;
NIMITEX?; NIMITOX?
Safety Profile
Posion by ingestion Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and skin contact routes. An experimental teratogen. A skin irritant. A cholinesterase inhibitor type of insecticide. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx and SOx. See also PARATHION,
Carcinogenicity
The EPA noted a chronic dog
study (period of exposure not specified) in which significant
inhibition of plasma and RBC cholinesterase occurred at
dietary exposures equivalent to 12.5 mg/kg/day but not at
0.46 mg/kg/day .
No evidence of carcinogenicity or other treatment-related
effects occurred in rats fed a diet that contained 0, 10, 100, or
300 ppm temephos (equivalent to about 0.5, 5.0, or 15 mg/kg/
day) for 2 years . The animals in the treated groups
were exposed in utero from gestation day 12 through parturition
to 100 ppm of the test material, and at weaning pups
were randomly allocated to the three treatment groups and
the treatment initiated.
Metabolic pathway
Temephos is comparatively stable to metabolic degradation in both animals
and plants. The main pathway is via thiooxidation to the sulfoxide
and through hydrolysis to yield 4,4’-thiodiphenol and its thiooxidised
derivatives which are conjugated as glucosides in plants and as sulfate
esters in rats. Oxidative desulfuration to temephos oxon is apparently a
minor pathway.
storage
During use and handling of abate, occupational workers/applicators should wear long-
sleeved shirts, long pants, shoes, and socks, chemical-resistant gloves, and protective
eyewear, goggles, or safety glasses. Flaggers must wear chemical-resistant headgear and
protective eyewear.
Degradation
Temephos is hydrolysed by strong acids and alkalis; its maximum stability
is at pH 5-7 (PM). When a methanolic solution of temephos was
exposed to sunlight it was rapidly decomposed resulting in the formation
of at least eight photoproducts of which only temephos sulfoxide (2) and
temephos sulfone (3) were identified. The sulfoxide was the major initial
product but it was further photolysed to the sulfone (3) which was
apparently refractory to further degradation suggesting that the other
unidentified photoproducts arose directly from temephos or from the
sulfoxide (2) (Rosen, 1972) (Scheme 1).
Toxicity evaluation
Temephos has a
very low mammalian toxicity; acute oral LD50 for male
and female rats is 4204 and >10,000 mg/kg, respectively.
NOEL (2 yr) for rats is 300 mg/kg diet (15 mg/kg/d).
Temephos administered orally to rats is eliminated in
the feces and urine. The major elimination compound
is unchanged temephos. Other urinary metabolites are
sulfate ester conjugates of 4,4 -thiodiphenol, its sulfoxide,
and sulfone.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 3383-96-8 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 3,3,8 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 3383-96:
(6*3)+(5*3)+(4*8)+(3*3)+(2*9)+(1*6)=98
98 % 10 = 8
So 3383-96-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C16H20O6P2S3/c1-17-23(25,18-2)21-13-5-9-15(10-6-13)27-16-11-7-14(8-12-16)22-24(26,19-3)20-4/h5-12H,1-4H3
3383-96-8Relevant articles and documents
Concentrates of organophosphorous insecticides
-
, (2008/06/13)
A low volatile organic compound co-solvent system is disclosed for preparing emulsion concentrates of low melting organophosphorous insecticides wherein the bioefficacy of the insecticide active is significantly enhanced. The co-solvent system comprises a water-soluble ethoxylated fatty acid/rosin acid-nonionic surfactant composition.
Method of controlling fleas and ticks on cats and dogs
-
, (2008/06/13)
This invention relates to the use of O,O,O',O'-tetramethyl O,O'-thiodi-p-phenylene phosphorothioate insecticidal and acaricidal compositions in cats and dogs.
