331731-18-1

Basic information

• Product Name: Unii-fys6T7F842
• Synonyms: Adalimumab;D2E7;Humira;Immunoglobulin G1, anti-(human tumor necrosis factor) (human monoclonal D2E7 heavy chain), disulfide with human monoclonal D2E7 light chain, dimer;Unii-fys6T7F842
• CAS NO: 331731-18-1
• Molecular Formula: C20H22N2O7S
• Molecular Weight: 434.46288
• EINECS: 604-279-5
• Mol File: 331731-18-1.mol
• Article Data: 0

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: /
• CAS DataBase Reference: Unii-fys6T7F842(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Unii-fys6T7F842(331731-18-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Unii-fys6T7F842(331731-18-1)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 331731-18-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Unii-fys6T7F842, also known as Glycerol, is a simple polyol compound that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid with a sweet taste. Glycerol is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air, and it is also a versatile solvent for various substances. Its chemical formula is C3H8O3, and it is a byproduct of the production of biodiesel and soap.

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Unii-fys6T7F842 is used as a solvent for various pharmaceutical formulations, including elixirs, syrups, and liquid medications. It serves as a carrier for active ingredients, enhancing their solubility and bioavailability.
Used in Cosmetics and Personal Care Industry:
In the cosmetics and personal care industry, Unii-fys6T7F842 is used as a humectant, moisturizer, and emollient in products such as lotions, creams, and toothpaste. It helps to retain moisture, providing hydration and improving the skin's appearance.
Used in Food Industry:
Unii-fys6T7F842 is used as a humectant, sweetener, and preservative in the food industry. It is commonly found in products like candies, confections, and baked goods, where it helps to maintain texture and extend shelf life.
Used in Industrial Applications:
In industrial applications, Unii-fys6T7F842 is used as a component in the production of various chemicals, such as glycerol esters, polyglycerols, and glycerol ethers. It is also used as a solvent in the manufacturing of inks, resins, and dyes.
Used in Energy Industry:
In the energy industry, Unii-fys6T7F842 is used as a component in the production of biodiesel, a renewable fuel source. It is also used as a de-icing agent in the aviation industry, helping to prevent ice formation on aircraft surfaces.
Used in Agricultural Industry:
In the agricultural industry, Unii-fys6T7F842 is used as a component in the production of nitroglycerin, which is used as an explosive in the mining and construction industries. It is also used as a humectant in the production of certain fertilizers and soil conditioners.

Originator

Cambridge antibody technology (US)

Indications

Adalimumab has been evaluated in a number of clinical trials for RA, Crohn's disease,ankylosing spondylitis,and psoriatic arthritis. Initially evaluated as adjunctive therapy to RA patients on methotrexate, adalimumab demonstrated rapid improvement in American College of Rheumatology 20 scores at 1 week of administration. The PREMIER trial compared combination adalimumab plus methotrexate therapy with either medication given alone and found that the combination of adalimumab plus methotrexate was superior to adalimumab or methotrexate monotherapy.

Pharmacology

Adalimumab is a fully human, anti-TNF-α IgG1 monoclonal antibody, which blocks the interaction of TNF-α with p55 and p75 cell surface receptors. Adalimumab is typically administered as a 20-or 40-mg dose via subcutaneous injection either weekly or every other week. The subcutaneous route of administration may be favorable to infliximab, which requires an intravenous infusion. The terminal half-life of adalimumab ranges from 15 to 19 days and early phase I trials demonstrated no significant pharmacokinetic advantage to weight-based dosing strategies.

Clinical Use

Adalimumab is supplied in single-use, prefilled, glass syringes as a sterile, preservative-free, colorless solution for subcutaneous administration. The pharmacokinetics of adalimumab were linear over the dose range of 0.5 to 10.0 mg/kg following a single IV dose. The mean elimination half-life was approximately 2 weeks.

Side effects

Injection site reactions appear to be the most commonly reported adverse event and occur in up to 10% of patients treated. In an efficacy and safety study of adalimumab for ankylosing spondylitis, the number of adverse events was higher in patients receiving subcutaneous adalimumab 40 every other week than in those receiving placebo. The percentage of patients who experienced infectious complications was higher in the patients receiving adalimumab, but this finding was not statistically significant. No occurrences of latent tuberculosis reactivation, lupus-like syndromes, congestive heart failure, or secondary malignancies were reported.In a postmarketing surveillance study of RA patients, Schiff et al.reported that adalimumab appeared to be relatively safe and well tolerated. In their study, safety data from randomized clinical trials, open-label extensions, phase IIIb trials, and postmarketing reporting of adverse events in the USA were collected. Reported adverse events included serious infections (5.1 events/100 patient-years (PYs)), lymphoma (0.12/100 PYs), tuberculosis (0.27/100 PYs), opportunistic infections (0.08 events/100 PYs), demyelinating diseases (0.08/100 PYs), systemic lupus erythematosis/lupus-like syndrome (0.10/100 PYs), and congestive heart failure (0.28/100 PYs). The incidence of lymphoma did not appear to be significantly higher in patients treated with adalimumab than in RA patients who were na?ve to anti-TNF-α therapy; however, the rate of lymphoma may be higher in RA patients compared to the general population, particularly in patients with severe RA. Adverse events reported in patients with ophthalmic inflammatory disease treated with adalimumab have included injection site reactions, herpes simplex keratitis, and elevation of liver enzymes requiring cessation of therapy.

Drug interactions

Adalimumab is currently approved for RA and psoriatic arthritis in combination with methotrexate and low-dose prednisone. Live viruses should be avoided in patients on adalimumab and its use may decrease the immunologic protection conferred by live attenuated vaccines. No clear data are available for its use in combination with other biologic agents, so this combination should be avoided until further studies have demonstrated efficacy and safety.

Metabolism

Most likely removed by opsonisation via the reticuloendothelial system.

Precautions

Adalimumab is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the medication or any of its components and in patients at risk for sepsis. In addition, the medication should be avoided in patients with a history of multiple sclerosis, active infection, or malignancy.