26335-74-0Relevant articles and documents
Acid- And base-switched palladium-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)-H alkylation and alkenylation of neopentylamine
Zhang, Jinquan,Zhang, Shuaizhong,Zou, Hongbin
supporting information, p. 3466 - 3471 (2021/05/31)
The functionalization of remote unactivated C(sp3)-H and the reaction selectivity are among the core pursuits for transition-metal catalytic system development. Herein, we report Pd-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)-H-selective alkylation and alkenylation with removable 7-azaindole as a directing group. Acid and base were found to be the decisive regulators for the selective alkylation and alkenylation, respectively, on the same single substrate under otherwise the same reaction conditions. Various acrylates were compatible for the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds. The alkenylation protocol could be further extended to acrylates with natural product units and α,β-unsaturated ketones. The preliminary synthetic manipulation of the alkylation and alkenylation products demonstrates the potential of this strategy for structurally diverse aliphatic chain extension and functionalization. Mechanistic experimental studies showed that the acidic and basic catalytic transformations shared the same six-membered dimer palladacycle.
Enhanced Acrylate Production from 2-Acetoxypropanoic Acid Esters
Nezam, Iman,Peereboom, Lars,Miller, Dennis J.
supporting information, p. 715 - 719 (2017/05/29)
Reaction conditions and reactor geometry for producing acrylates in high yield from lactic acid-derived 2-acetoxypropanoic acid (APA) esters are presented. An acrylate ester yield of 75% is achieved from methyl and benzyl APA esters at 550 °C in a fixed bed reactor filled with nonporous silica particles, carbon dioxide as a diluent gas, and acetic acid as a co-feed with the APA ester. The yield from methyl and benzyl APA esters is remarkably higher than from ethyl or butyl esters of APA, which have hydrogen atoms on the β-carbon of the ester functional group and thus can undergo alkene elimination, leading to reduced acrylate yield. Under optimum conditions, APA conversion to acrylates is stable over 30 h of continuous operation with little carbon deposition on the contact material.
BLOCK POLYMER, COSMETIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING IT AND COSMETIC TREATMENT PROCESS
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, (2010/08/03)
A block polymer containing, in a block with a Tg of less than 20° C., at least one monomer of formula (I): The invention also relates to a cosmetic composition containing the block polymer in a cosmetically acceptable medium, and also to a cosmetic process for treating keratin materials using the composition, and most particularly to a process for making up the lips.
