23031-36-9 Usage
Description
Prallethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid and a propynyl analog of allethrin, is a widely used insecticide known for its effectiveness in controlling various insects. It is a solid with an oil-like consistency and has a boiling point greater than 313.5°C. Prallethrin is characterized by its strong contact toxicity and is easily soluble in methanol and hexane, with a relative density of 1.03. At normal temperature, its solubility is greater than 50%, and it has a water solubility of 8.03 mg/L at 25°C. The distribution coefficient of Prallethrin is 30,800.
Uses
1. Used in Insecticide Applications:
Prallethrin is used as an insecticide for controlling a variety of insects, including houseflies, mosquitoes, lice, and cockroaches. Its strong contact toxicity and knockdown performance make it an effective choice for this application.
2. Used in Domestic and Public Health Situations:
Prallethrin is employed in domestic and public health situations to control insects that pose a threat to human health and comfort. Its use in these settings helps to maintain a clean and safe environment.
3. Used in Mosquito Repellent Incense:
Prallethrin is used as a key ingredient in mosquito repellent incense products, such as electric mosquito repellent incense and liquid mosquito repellent incense. The recommended amount of use for these products varies, with electric heat mosquito incense containing 0.05% of the product and liquid mosquito repellent incense containing 0.66% of the product.
4. Used in Aerosols:
Prallethrin is also used in aerosol formulations, with a concentration of 0.05-0.2% of the product, along with an appropriate amount of lethal agent, synergist, and emulsifier. This application helps to control household pests effectively.
Hazard
A poison by ingestion and inhalation. Low
toxicity by skin contact.
Pharmacology
Prallethrin is a propynyl analog of allethrin, with
2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(prop-2-ynyl)-cyclopent-2-enyl as the
secondary alcohol moiety that has been introduced against
public health pests (113–115). The ester of the (S)-alcohol
with (1R)-trans,cis-chrysanthemic acid resolved partially
is commercialized on the strength of the assessment of
insecticidal action of individual stereoisomers (116). Compared
with d-allethrin, it is approximately four, six, and
five times more effective on Musca domestica (for killing),
Blattella germanica (for killing), and Culex pipiens pallens
(for knockdown), respectively (43). A lower level of resistance
to prallethrin than to phenoxybenzyl pyrethroids
was demonstrated in a kdr-resistant housefly strain (116).
Safety Profile
A poison by ingestion
and inhalation. Low toxicity by skin contact.
When heated to decomposition it emits
acrid smoke and irritating vapors.
Metabolic pathway
Prallethrin is stable under normal room temperature storage conditions
for up to 36 months. It is labile to alkali at the ester linkage, forming 2
and 3 (Scheme 1). Analogy with the allethrins (from which it differs
only in the degree of unsaturation in the side chain - propyne rather
than propene) would suggest that the compound is very photolabile.
Degradation
The metabolism of prallethrin was studied following single oral administration
and subcutaneous injection of the cis- and trans-isomers to rats at
two dose levels and after repeated dosing. The compound was labelled in
the alcohol moiety (inferred from the results) (PSD, 1995).
Absorption was rapid with maximum tissue residues being attained
3 hours after the dosing of each isomer. Biphasic clearance of radioactivity
then occurred with half-lives of 3 and 14-23 hours (cis-isomer) and 3-5
and 7-35 hours (trans-isomer). Urinary excretion accounted for 13-32%
(cis-isomer) and 45-62% (trans-isomer) of the dose with most of the balance in the faeces. Less than 0.1% was exhaled as 14CO2 . Residues
in tissues were very low (0.3% of the dose at 7 days). Metabolism and
disposition were independent of dose and dose route but residues in
tissues were somewhat higher for the cis-isomer.
Twenty-one metabolites were identified (taking account of stereochemistry
and conjugates). The major pathways of metabolism involved
oxidation at a methyl group of the isobutenyl group in the acid moiety
(giving 4 and 5), at the C1 and C2 positions of the propynyl group in the
alcohol moiety (giving 6 and 9) and dihydroxylation (to 7 and 8). The
resulting hydroxy derivatives were conjugated with glucuronic acid and
sulfate.
Hydrolysis of prallethrin also occurred to afford the acid 2 (presumed)
and the alcohol 3. Hydrolysis of the hydroxylated prallethrins and further
oxidation of 3 afforded 10 and 11. Further oxidation of 10 to the cyclic
tertiary alcohol (12) was observed.
When bluegill sunfish were exposed to a l4C-labelled (acid and alcohol
groups) prallethrin isomer (1Rtrans), more than 50% of the biliary
radioactivity recovered from the gall bladder was observed as one ester metabolite. This was identified as the taurine conjugate of carboxylic acid
metabolite 5 (Oshima et al., 1992).
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 23031-36-9 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,3,0,3 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 23031-36:
(7*2)+(6*3)+(5*0)+(4*3)+(3*1)+(2*3)+(1*6)=59
59 % 10 = 9
So 23031-36-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C19H24O3/c1-7-8-13-12(4)16(10-15(13)20)22-18(21)17-14(9-11(2)3)19(17,5)6/h1,9,14,16-17H,8,10H2,2-6H3
