20858-24-6Relevant articles and documents
SKIN CLEANSER COMPOSITION
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Page/Page column 0063; 0064; 0065; 0074; 0075; 0076, (2015/01/18)
A skin cleansing composition, comprising the following components (A) and (B): (A) from 0.1 to 30% by mass of an alkyl ether carboxylic acid or a salt thereof represented by the formula (1): wherein, R1 represents an alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, n represents a number of from 0 to 20, and M represents a hydrogen atom, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or organic ammonium, wherein, R1 has an average carbon number of from 10.8 to 12.8 and the average value of n is from 2.5 to 3.4, and wherein, the alkyl ether carboxylic acid or the salt thereof contains a component in which n = 0 in an amount of from 9.6 to 27% by mass, and a component in which n = 1 and a component in which n = 2 in a total amount of 20% by mass or more and less than 40% by mass, and (B) from 0.1 to 30% by mass of a potassium salt or an alkanolamine salt of a fatty acid represented by the formula (2): wherein, R2 represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 9 to 22 carbon atoms, and Y represents potassium or alkanolamine. ????????R1-O-(CH2CH2O)n-CH2-COOM?????(1) ????????R2-COOY?????(2)
Ceria supported gold-platinum catalysts for the selective oxidation of alkyl ethoxylates
Heidkamp, Katharina,Aytemir, Memet,Vorlop, Klaus-Dieter,Pruesse, Ulf
, p. 2984 - 2992 (2013/11/06)
This work covers the development of a ceria based AuPt catalyst for the selective aerobic oxidation of alkyl ethoxylates to their corresponding carboxylic acids. By optimizing metal loading and the Au to Pt ratio the activity of the catalyst could be increased significantly, while maintaining total selectivity. Although the choice of ceria as a support helped to suppress intermediate metal leaching, the catalyst still showed poor long-term stability in repeated batches. The cause for deactivation could finally be identified by TPR studies as over-oxidation. These suspicions were confirmed by a long-term stability study in continuous-mode. It proved to be possible to deactivate the catalyst on purpose by employing unfavourable oxidising reaction conditions, i.e. low substrate concentrations and excess oxygen. By avoiding such unfavourable conditions either in continuous-flow mode or in repeated batches, the long-term stability of the catalyst increased tremendously. A substrate screening of various ethoxylates showed that the catalyst was very well-suited to selectively oxidize a wide range of alkyl ethoxylates.
Extraction of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) by dodecyloligo(oxyethylene) carboxylic acids
Strzelbicki, Jerzy,Charewicz, Witold,Beger, Jorg,Hinz, Lutz
, p. 1695 - 1700 (2007/10/02)
The synthesis of a series of n-dodecyloligo(oxyethylene) carboxylic acids of general formula C12H25(OCH2CH2)nOCH2COOH (n=0 to 5) and application of these compounds for the separation of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) in extraxtion are reported.Negligible extractability of the metal ions investigated was found using dodecyloxyacetic acid (n=0) which indicated that complexation resulted from metal-cation interaction with oxygen atoms of the polyoxyethylene chain incorporated into the molecule of complexon.In extractions from aqueous solutions containing ZnCl2, CdCl2, HgCl2, and NaOH (pH regulator), loading of the organic phases increased for extractants with more oxyethylene units.In particular, Hg(II) extractibility and molecular structure of the extractant are related.The selectivity of extraction increased drastically if NaCl was added to the initial aqueous phase, as the extractibilities of Cd(II) and, particularly, Hg(II) declined while the extractibility of Zn(II) remained high.Selectivity of extraction is produced by the complex chemical equilibria resulted from complexation of the metal cation by an alkyloligoether carboxylic acid in the organic phase and by Cl(1-) and OH(1-) anions in the aqueous phase.Thus, aqueous solution parameters greatly influence the efficiency and selectivity of the extraction process and suitable experimental conditions are very important.
