16110-10-4 Usage
Description
Acetaminophen glucuronide, also known as paracetamol glucuronide, is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is a metabolite formed in the body when paracetamol is metabolized, and it plays a role in the elimination of the drug from the body.
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Acetaminophen glucuronide is used as a metabolite in the pharmaceutical industry for the development and evaluation of paracetamol (acetaminophen) as a pain reliever and fever reducer. Its presence in the body can be used to monitor the metabolism and efficacy of paracetamol, as well as to assess potential drug interactions and side effects.
Used in Clinical Research:
Acetaminophen glucuronide is used as a biomarker in clinical research for studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paracetamol. It helps researchers understand how the drug is processed in the body, its distribution, and its elimination, which can be crucial for optimizing dosages and minimizing adverse effects.
Used in Drug Metabolism Studies:
Acetaminophen glucuronide is used as a research tool in drug metabolism studies to investigate the role of glucuronidation in the metabolism of various drugs. This can provide insights into the mechanisms of drug detoxification and the potential for drug-drug interactions, leading to the development of safer and more effective medications.
Used in Toxicology:
Acetaminophen glucuronide is used in toxicology to assess the risk of acetaminophen-induced liver damage. High levels of paracetamol can lead to the formation of a toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which can cause liver injury. Monitoring the levels of acetaminophen glucuronide can help determine the extent of paracetamol metabolism and the potential for liver toxicity.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 16110-10-4 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,6,1,1 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 16110-10:
(7*1)+(6*6)+(5*1)+(4*1)+(3*0)+(2*1)+(1*0)=54
54 % 10 = 4
So 16110-10-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C14H17NO8/c1-6(16)15-7-2-4-8(5-3-7)22-14-11(19)9(17)10(18)12(23-14)13(20)21/h2-5,9-12,14,17-19H,1H3,(H,15,16)(H,20,21)/t9-,10-,11+,12-,14+/m0/s1
16110-10-4Relevant articles and documents
Preparation and characterisation of solid state forms of paracetamol-O-glucuronide
Hayes, John A.,Eccles, Kevin S.,Lawrence, Simon E.,Moynihan, Humphrey A.
experimental part, p. 108 - 112 (2012/03/22)
The synthesis and crystallisation of the pharmaceutically important metabolite, paracetamol-O-glucuronide, is described. Hydrated and anhydrous forms of the target molecule have been characterised by PXRD, DSC and TGA. In addition, a methanol solvate has
Glucuronidation in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Studies with acetaminophen, oestradiol and morphine
Wong,Grace Jr.,Wright,Browning,Grossman,Bai,Christ
, p. 1178 - 1190 (2008/12/22)
The chimpanzee has recently been characterized as a surrogate for oxidative drug metabolism in humans and as a pharmacokinetic model for the selection of drug candidates. In the current study, the glucuronidation of acetaminophen, morphine and oestradiol was evaluated in the chimpanzee to extend the characterization of this important animal model. Following oral administration of acetaminophen (600 mg) to chimpanzees (n = 2), pharmacokinetics were comparable with previously reported human values, namely mean oral clearance 0.91 vs. 0.62 ± 0.05 l h-1 kg-1, apparent volume of distribution 2.29 vs. 1.65 ± 0.25 l kg-1, and half-life 1.86 vs. 1.89 ± 0.27 h, for chimpanzee vs. human, respectively. Urinary excretions (percentage of dose) of acetaminophen, acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate were also similar between chimpanzees and humans, namely 2.3 vs. 5.0, 63.1 vs. 54.7, and 25.0 vs. 32.3%, respectively. Acetaminophen, oestradiol and morphine glucuronide formation kinetics were investigated using chimpanzee (n = 2) and pooled human liver microsomes (n = 10). V maxapp and Kmapp (or S 50app) for acetaminophen glucuronide, morphine 3- and 6-glucuronide, and oestradiol 3- and 17-glucuronide formation were comparable in both species. Eadie-Hofstee plots of oestradiol 3-glucuronide formation in chimpanzee microsomes were characteristic of autoactivation kinetics. Western immunoblot analysis of chimpanzee liver microsomes revealed a single immunoreactive band when probed with anti-human UGT1A1, anti-human UGT1A6, and anti-human UGT2B7. Taken collectively, these data demonstrate similar glucuronidation characteristics in chimpanzees and humans.
