1304-28-5 Usage
Chemical Description
Barium oxide is a white solid used as a catalyst.
Description
Barium oxide, a white to yellowish-white, odorless powder, is an alkaline earth flux that melts at 3493°F (1923°C). It is formed by the burning of barium metal in oxygen or the decomposition of the carbonate salt. Barium oxide is hygroscopic, transforming into the hydroxide upon contact with water, and is soluble in ethanol, dilute acids, and alkalis but insoluble in acetone and liquid ammonia. It is used in various applications across different industries due to its unique properties.
Uses
Used in Electronic Devices:
Barium oxide is used as a coating for "hot cathodes" in a variety of electronic devices such as TVs and lamps.
Used in Glass Production:
Barium oxide has replaced lead oxide in the production of certain kinds of glass. While lead oxide raises the refractive index and dispersion, barium oxide does not alter the dispersion, preventing image distortion.
Used as an Ethoxylation Catalyst:
Barium oxide is used as an ethoxylation catalyst in the reaction of ethylene oxide and alcohols, which takes place between 150 and 200°C.
Used in Cathode Ray Tubes:
Barium oxide is used in cathode ray tubes, providing good thermionic emission from thin evaporated films.
Used in Crown Glass:
Barium oxide is used in the production of crown glass, offering strong, vivid colors, especially with copper and cobalt.
Used in Catalysts:
Barium oxide acts as an efficient ethoxylation catalyst and plays an important role in NO2 storage and reduction.
Used as a Drying Agent:
Porous grades of barium oxide are marketed especially for drying gases and solvents, such as alcohols, aldehydes, and petroleum solvents. It is also used in the manufacture of lubricating oil detergents and for making barium methoxide.
Used in Ceramics:
Barium oxide is used in ceramics for producing iron blue celadon glazes and creating matte surfaces with vivid colors. However, it is important to handle barium compounds with caution due to their extreme toxicity.
Barium oxide is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications across various industries. Its unique properties, such as its ability to provide strong, vivid colors and act as an efficient catalyst, make it valuable in electronic devices, glass production, catalysts, and ceramics. However, due to its toxicity, it is crucial to handle barium oxide with care and ensure that it does not pose a health hazard during its use.
Preparation
Barium oxide is made by heating barium carbonate with coke, carbon black or tar:
BaCO3 + C→ BaO + 2CO
It may be also prepared by thermal decomposition of barium nitrate.
Air & Water Reactions
Hygroscopic. Reacts readily and exothermically with water to form a solution of corrosive barium hydroxide [Merck 11th ed. 1989].
Reactivity Profile
BARIUM OXIDE reacts as a strong base. Combines exothermically with all categories of acids. Reacts with carbon dioxide to form barium carbonate [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Ignites hydroxylamine on contact [Mellor 8:291 1946-47]. Mixtures with mercurous or nickel oxide react vigorously with hydrogen sulfide in air. Explosions may result [Mellor 10:140 1946-47]. Can react, particularly in the presence of moisture, with aluminum and zinc)to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, peroxides, and hydroperoxides.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion. See barium.
Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
A poison via
subcutaneous route. See also BARIUM
COMPOUNDS (soluble). Combustible by
spontaneous chemical reaction; produces
heat on contact with water or steam. Reacts
with H2O, Ba(OH)2. Incompatible with H2S,
hydroxylamine, N2O4, triuranium octaoxide,
so3.
Potential Exposure
It is used to dry gases and solvents
and in producing detergents for lubricating oils.
Shipping
UN1884 Barium oxide, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials.
Incompatibilities
Reacts with water, forming the strong
base, barium hydroxide. Keep away from acids, hydrogen
sulfide, carbon dioxide; hydroxylamine, nitrogen tetroxide;
sulfur trioxide; since violent reactions occur. Reacts with
triuranium. Never pour water into this chemical.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 1304-28-5 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 1,3,0 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 1304-28:
(6*1)+(5*3)+(4*0)+(3*4)+(2*2)+(1*8)=45
45 % 10 = 5
So 1304-28-5 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Ba.O/q+2;-2
