122-42-9 Usage
Description
Propham, also known as IPC (Isopropyl Carbamate), is a colorless crystalline solid that exists in the form of white to gray crystalline needles. It is odorless when pure and has a melting point of 84°C (technical grade). Propham is soluble in alcohol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol but is insoluble in water. It is primarily used as a herbicide in various agricultural applications and also functions as an inhibitor of plant metabolism.
Uses
Used in Agriculture:
Propham is used as a herbicide for controlling annual grass weeds in various crops such as peas, beet crops, lucerne, clover, sugar beet, beans, lettuce, flax, safflowers, and lentils. It is applied as a preemergence and postemergence herbicide, ensuring effective weed control throughout the growth cycle of the crops.
Used as a Soil Spray:
In addition to its application in controlling weeds in crops, Propham is also used as a herbicide applied as a spray to the soil. This method helps in managing weed growth before and after the emergence of crops, providing a comprehensive solution for weed control in agricultural settings.
Used as an Inhibitor of Plant Metabolism:
Propham's ability to inhibit plant metabolism makes it an effective tool in controlling the growth of unwanted plants. By disrupting the metabolic processes in plants, Propham helps in preventing their growth and ensuring a healthier and more productive crop yield.
Reactivity Profile
Propham is a carbamate ester. Carbamates are chemically similar to, but more reactive than amides. Like amides they form polymers such as polyurethane resins. Carbamates are incompatible with strong acids and bases, and especially incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is produced by the combination of active metals or nitrides with carbamates. Strongly oxidizing acids, peroxides, and hydroperoxides are incompatible with carbamates.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion.
Health Hazard
Moderately toxic herbicide; exhibited low tomoderate toxicity in experimental animalswhen administered by oral, intraperitoneal,intravenous, and subcutaneous routes; skinabsorption is slow; cholinesterase inhibitor;in human ingestion can cause carbamatepoisoning, which can be lethal when takenin large amount; probable lethal oral dosein adult human estimated to be larger thanother carbamate insecticides within the range35–50 g.
Safety Profile
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic to
humans by ingestion. Moderately toxic
experimentally by ingestion and possibly
other routes. An experimental teratogen.
Human mutation data reported.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
neoplastigenic data. An herbicide. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of NO,. See also CARBAMATES.
Potential Exposure
A potential danger to those involved
in the manufacture, formulation and application of this car-
bamate/organonitrogen grass-control herbicide.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Rajagopal et al. (1989) reported that Achromobacter sp. and an Arthrobacter sp. utilized propham as a sole carbon source. Metabolites identified were Nphenylcarbamic acid, aniline, catechol, monoisopropyl carbonate, 2-propanol and carbon
dioxide (Rajagopal et al., 1989).
Soil. Readily degraded by soil microorganisms forming aniline and carbon dioxide
(Humburg et al., 1989). The reported half-life in soil is approximately 15 and 5 days at
16 and 29°C, respectively (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) propham has a high potential to leach
to groundwater.
Plant. The major plant metabolite which was identified from soybean plants is isopropyl N-2-hydroxycarbanilate (Hartley and Kidd, 1987; Humburg et al., 1989).
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolysis of propham yields N-phenylcarbamic acid and 2-propanol. The acid is very unstable and is spontaneously decomposed to form aniline and
carbon dioxide (Still and Herrett, 1976). Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated
to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987).
Shipping
UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous haz-
ardous material, Technical Name Required. UN2757
Carbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Incompatibilities
Carbamates are incompatible with reduc-
ing agents, strong acids, oxidizing acids, peroxides, and
bases. Contact with active metals or nitrides cause the
release of flammable, and potentially explosive, hydrogen
gas. May react violently with bromine, ketones.
Incompatible with azo dyes, caustics, ammonia, amines,
boranes, hydrazines, strong
Waste Disposal
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations
governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste
disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recom-
mendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide
containers. Must be disposed properly by following pack-
age label directions or by contacting your local or federal
environmental control agency, or by contacting your
regional EPA office.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 122-42-9 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,2 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 122-42:
(5*1)+(4*2)+(3*2)+(2*4)+(1*2)=29
29 % 10 = 9
So 122-42-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C10H13NO2/c1-8(2)13-10(12)11-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8H,1-2H3,(H,11,12)
122-42-9Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of urethanes by a modified curtius reaction with alcohols
Bianco, Armandodoriano,Bonadies, Francesco,Napolitano, Raffaella,Ortaggi, Giancarlo
, p. 141 - 149 (2004)
-
Catalytic metathesis of carbon dioxide with heterocumulenes mediated by titanium isopropoxide
Ghosh, Rajshekhar,Samuelson, Ashoka G.
, p. 2017 - 2019 (2005)
The insertion of an isopropoxide ligand of titanium isopropoxide into heterocumulenes gives a product that carries out metathesis at elevated temperatures by undergoing insertion of a second heterocumulene in a head to head fashion, followed by an extrusion reaction. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
Interrupted aza-Wittig reactions using iminophosphoranes to synthesize 11C-carbonyls
Ismailani, Uzair S.,Munch, Maxime,Mair, Braeden A.,Rotstein, Benjamin H.
supporting information, p. 5266 - 5269 (2021/06/06)
A direct CO2-fixation methodology couples structurally diverse iminophosphoranes with various nucleophiles to synthesize ureas, carbamates, thiocarbamates, and amides, and is amenable for 11C radiolabeling. This methodology is practical, as demonstrated by the synthesis of >35 products and isolation of the molecular imaging radiopharmaceuticals [11C]URB694 and [11C]glibenclamide. This journal is
An Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff base/Cu(ii) complex as an efficient recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst for selective mono: N-arylation of primary O-alkyl thiocarbamates and primary O-alkyl carbamates with aryl halides and arylboronic acids
Sardarian, Ali Reza,Dindarloo Inaloo, Iman,Zangiabadi, Milad
, p. 8557 - 8565 (2019/06/14)
An efficient, convenient and novel method for the selective mono N-arylation of primary O-alkyl thiocarbamates and primary O-alkyl carbamates with aryl halides and arylboronic acids in the presence of a recyclable magnetic Cu(ii) nanocatalyst is described. A variety of mono N-arylated O-alkyl thiocarbamates and O-alkyl carbamates were prepared in good to excellent yields with a broad range of aryl coupling partners. The magnetic nanocatalyst can be easily recovered with an external magnetic field and reused at least five times without noticeable leaching or loss of its catalytic activity. This cost-effective and eco-friendly methodology has some other advantages, such as easy preparation of the catalyst, simple workup procedure, and easy purification, which makes this protocol interesting for the users in various fields of pharmacology and biotechnology systems.
