- Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Alkyl Gallates Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi In Vitro and In Vivo
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A series of alkyl gallates was synthesized by reacting gallic acid with the corresponding alcohols. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data, including NMR and MS. The antifungal activities of these compounds against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo were assessed.
- Zhao, Xiao-Long,Li, Chun-Qing,Song, Xiao-Mei,Yan, Shuang-Mei,Luo, Du-Qiang
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- Synthesis and in vitro antimalarial activity of alkyl esters of gallate as a growth inhibitor of plasmodium falciparum
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This study is aimed to synthesize alkyl esters gallate and determine its in vitro antimalarial activity against parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Fourteen compounds of alkyl esters gallate were synthesized by esterification of the carboxyl group of gallic acid with a series of alkyl alcohols, as well as methoxylation of the hydroxy groups on the aromatic ring of gallic acid. Antimalarial activity of the synthesized alkyl esters gallate were expressed by IC50 value, with gallic acid as an original compound and artemisin as a positive control. Compared to gallic acid, eleven synthesized compounds of alkyl esters gallate, have a greater antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. On the other hand, three compounds, that are propyl gallate, butyl gallate and trimethoxy methyl gallate, showed a lower antimalarial activity. Moreover, compared to gallic acid (IC50: 194.86 mM) and artemisin (IC50: 0.5 mM), two synthesized compounds of alkyl gallates, namely methyl gallate and hexyl gallate exhibited the stronger antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with IC50 value of 0.03 mM and 0.11 mM, respectively. Our result clearly demonstrated that methyl gallate and hexyl gallate as a promising candidate for the new antimalarial agents.
- Arsianti, Ade,Astuty, Hendri,Fadilah,Simadibrata, Daniel Martin,Adyasa, Zoya Marie,Amartya, Daniel,Bahtiar, Anton,Tanimoto, Hiroki,Kakiuchi, Kiyomi
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p. 655 - 662
(2018/05/28)
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- Microwave-assisted esterification of gallic acid
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An efficient synthesis of alkyl gallates under microwave irradiation was described. The reaction took place in 6-10 mins, which was much shorter than the traditional synthetic methods, with almost quantitative yields.
- Shi, Zhi-Hao,Li, Nian-Guang,Tang, Yu-Ping,Shi, Qian-Ping,Zhang, Wei,Zhang, Peng-Xuan,Li, Wei,Dong, Ze-Xi,Duan, Jin-Ao
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p. 1351 - 1354
(2016/06/13)
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- Antifungal activity of alkyl gallates against plant pathogenic fungi
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The antifungal activity of alkyl gallates against plant pathogenic fungi was evaluated. All of the fungi tested in this study were susceptible to some alkyl gallates, and the effect of linear alkyl gallates against plant pathogenic fungi was similar to the previously reported effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. We found that branched alkyl gallates showed stronger activity than did linear alkyl gallates with similar log P values. In addition, the antifungal activity of alkyl gallates was correlated with gallate-induced inhibition of the activity of mitochondrial complex II. The antifungal activity of alkyl gallates likely originates, at least in part, from their ability to inhibit the membrane respiratory chain.
- Ito, Shinsaku,Nakagawa, Yasutaka,Yazawa, Satoru,Sasaki, Yasuyuki,Yajima, Shunsuke
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p. 1812 - 1814
(2014/04/17)
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